Method
Research methods are very closely related to the type of
research used, because each type and purpose of research designed has
consequences on the choice of appropriate research methods to achieve the objectives
of the research.
To
make this research more targeted. In this study the authors used a qualitative
approach that is limited to the effort to express a problem or situation or
event as it is so that it expresses facts and provides an objective picture of
the true state of the object studied, in Hadari Nawawi (2007: 33-34).
Furthermore, Sugiono (2003:11) argued that in qualitative research, the theory
is interpreted as qualitative research paradigm aims to reveal qualitative
information so that it emphasizes the problem of process and meaning by
describing a problem.
The
theoretical basis in qualitative approach is the approach of symbolic
interaction, it is assumed that the object of the person, situation and event
has no sense of its own, on the contrary the sense is given.� to them. The understanding that people give
to their experience and interpretation process is essential and decisive. This
study also interprets or translates with the language of researchers about
basil research obtained from informants in the field as a discourse to get an
explanation of the existing conditions linking concepts or studies and
furthermore will be produced descriptions of the object of research.
Results and Discussion
1.
Effectiveness of Coaching in The Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City in Improving the Welfare
of Street Children in cirebon city
It has been
explained in previous chapters that street children are a social phenomenon
that arises along with technological developments and changes in social culture
in society, so in this bah will be elaborated in depth about the phenomenon.
In Local
Regulation No. 6 of 2009 concerning The Protection of Displaced Children and
Special Protection in the City of Cirebon, it has been regulated in detail and
very clearly about the coaching measures that will be taken by the Cirebon City
Government in dealing with the growing problem of street children. In carrying
out these coaching steps, of course, it does not go easily in accordance with
what is expected. But on the other hand the Cirebon City Government will also
get challenges as an obstacle to the coaching carried out.
As stipulated in
Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009 that the form of coaching that has been carried
out by the Cirebon City Government in this case the Social Service of Manpower
and Transmigration of Cirebon City consists of 4 (four) forms of coaching. The
four forms of coaching are, (1) Supervision Coaching, (2) Prevention Coaching,
(3) Maintenance Development, and (4) Rehabilitation Coaching.
2.
Supervision Coaching
Supervision coaching is a coaching that focused on minimalism the number
of street children who do their activities in public places. Supervision
development also leads to the future of street children.
Actually this stage of supervision coaching, which we do is one of them
is the creation of a post at a place that we consider as a place / area that is
used as a place for street children to do their activities. This is done as a
form of protection that we do to the children. But even though there is already
a post that we make we continue to do patro / i activities, when patrols are
carried out then there are street children who we meet are doing their
activities, then we immediately net and bring it to our office to be investigated
more / anjut from each child who netted a raid. (The result of an interview
with the Head of Social Affairs of the Social Service of Manpower and
Transmigration of Cirebon City, 2014).
From the statement expressed directly by the Head of Social Affairs of
the Social Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City that the
stage of fostering this supervision there are several activities carried out by
the Social Service of Manpower and Transmigration of the City of Cirebon in
cooperation with several relevant agencies.
The activities carried out by the Social Service of Manpower and
Transmigration of Cirebon City in the stage of fostering supervision is one of
which is holding post office making activities. The creation of posts at this
stage as a form of control to street children to reduce the growth rate of
street children, as well as to reveal the main problems faced by street
children based on the situation and conditions at the time of the post activities.
This post office activity is no more than the continuation of socialization activities
and campaigns of Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009.
The implementation of this post of cirebon city government in this case
The Social Service of Keija Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon City bekeija
is the same as several elements, namely, NGOs (Nongovernmental Organizations),
Satpol PP (Pamong Praja Police Unit), police elements, and also student
elements. However, although this activity involves the Satpol PP and the
Police, but in the implementation of post office activities are not made arrests,
but only limited to the disclosure of the problems faced by each street child
as explained earlier.
Although this post has been carried out as a form of protection activities.
However, the Cirebon Manpower and Transmigration Social Service in cooperation
with Satpol PP and NGOs continues to patrol the streets, which is considered a
routine activity. However, when the patrol activities took place temyata still
there were found street children who were still doing their activities, then
the authorities who went down to conduct patrols directly netted street
children who were caught (caught red-handed) still doing their activities. This
activity is intended as a form of control.
After the patrol was carried out then there were still children who were
caught doing their activities, then the child was netted or arrested untUk then
brought to the Social Rehabilitation Center located at yayasan Cirebon Peduli
Anak Bangsa. Street children who were taken to the rehabilitation center were
temporarily accommodated for approximately 3 (three) months for construction.
Coaching carried out during the temporary shelter period consists of social
guidance, spiritual mental guidance, legal guidance, as well as games of social
adaptation or outbound.
During the coaching activities, the initial approach to street children
is also carried out by identifying and selecting what are the main problems so
that street children who are caught in these raids are still doing their
activities as street children. From the identification and selection, it can be
known the main problems faced by these children. Once the problem is known, the
social services who work together with the relevant agencies can reveal and
understand the problems and what needs to be done to solve these problems.
Before deciding what efforts will be made to deal with the problem of street
children, the social services that work with relevant agencies conduct a
discussion to determine what should be done to deal with the various problems
of street children. Once known more in the process of mentoring individually,
it means that in this assistance is not only the child but also carried out
mentoring to the families of street children on a regular and continuous basis.
In addition to regular and continuous mentoring, the street children
after the problem is known, the social services who work with the relevant
agencies determine whether the child is returned to the community whether it is
included in formal or non-formal education or conditionally which means that
they will not return to their activities on the street or remain in the
orphanage for rehabilitation of the child before being returned to the
environment.
3.
Prevention Coaching
Talking about the problem of coaching conducted by the Cirebon City
Government in handling or suppressing the growth of the number of street
children in the city of Cirebon is not done by directly giving action to the
object, namely the street children themselves but there is a stage of
coaching.� One of the stages of coaching
is preventive coaching.� Prevention development
itself is the initial form of a coaching carried out by the Cirebon City
Government aimed at preventing the development and widespread number of spread
and complexity of problems causing the presence of street children.
Prevention coaching activities that we do through the first few stages of
data collection directly to the field, then the second is we do control,
monitoring, and supervision through patrol activities, and lastly in prevention
coaching activities we conduct campaigns as well as socializing the prohibition
for children to do their activities in public places. (The result of an
interview with the Head of Social Affairs of the Social Service of Manpower and
Transmigration of Cirebon City, 2014)
Prevention development itself is carried out in several forms of
activities, in order to effectively the regulations that have been set by the
Cirebon City Government. Here is a form of activities carried out by the
Cirebon City Government driven by the Social Service of Manpower and
Transmigration of Cirebon City, namely:
1. Data collection;
2. Monitoring, control, and supervision;
3. Campaign continued with socialization activities;
Of the three forms of activity is also not done just like that, but there
is a flow of the three preventive coaching activities. Based on the
observations that are matched with the contents of the regulations set by the
Cirebon City Government, the author can describe the framework of the
prevention coaching process carried out by the Cirebon City Government in this
Social Service of Manpower and Transmigration of cirebon city in cooperation
with relevant elements such as NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), as well as
institutions engaged in child monitoring. Here is the framework of the
prevention development process in suppressing the growth rate of street
children in the city of Cirebon.
Prevention development is carried out first through direct data
collection activities by the Social Service of Manpower and Transmigration of
Cirebon City in collaboration with social institutions in each sub-district of
Cirebon. In the data collection activities can be known data containing the
name, address, family list, living conditions, socioeconomic life background, regional
origin, occupation, family status, and the main problems faced.
These data are preliminary data that serves as a reference in conducting
coaching at the next level that aims to know the general number of street
children in each sub-district as a target to carry out further activities.
Further activities carried out by the Cirebon City Government through the
Cirebon Manpower and Transmigration Social Service in collaboration with
relevant agencies such as Satpol PP (Pamong Praja Police Unit) and other NGOs after
the data collection, namely holding monitoring, control, and supervision
activities carried out by means of patrol activities to public places and
places according to the results of the data collection as a place or activity
area of the street children. From the results of patrol activities carried out
by the Social Service of Ketja Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon City
beketja the same as NGOs and Satpol PP later as information on whether or not
the presence of children traveling in the area or location that has been known
through the previous data collection process. Patrol activities at the
prevention coaching stage is carried out just to know the locations that are
used as places or areas or locations of children doing their activities.
Furthermore, after monitoring, controlling, and supervising through patrol
activities then the Social Service of Ketja Energy and Transmigration of
Cirebon City held a campaign and socialization about the existence of
regulations as a binder and also provided information about the prohibition to the
public in general not to get used to giving money on the streets. Campaign
activities and socialization are carried out in the community of Cirebon City.
Campaign activities are carried out through performances, orations, and the
installation of banners or billboards not to give money to the children. While
the form of socialization itself is divided into two forms, namely either
directly or indirectly. Direct socialization itself is carried out in the form
of lectures and interactions that provide information to a person or a group of
people through face-to-face or direct dialogue, while socialization indirectly
itself is carried out through print media and electronic media as an
intermediary media between the government to the public as the object of this
regulation (Cirebon City Regulation No. 6 of 2009). However, in essence, all of
these activities will not be carried out without a large contribution from the
people of Cirebon itself.
4.
Care Coaching
Fostering care is intended in Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009 is an
empowerment assistance program for street children. The child referred to here
is a biological child, or a brother. The empowerment of street children is a process
of strengthening the family that is carried out in a planned and targeted manner
through guidance and training activities.
Maintenance activities in Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009, namely,
household-based skills training, entrepreneurship training, training of
productive economic capital assistance, the formation of joint venture groups,
and the development of joint venture groups.
First, what is meant by household-based skills training is training
conducted to provide knowledge and skills tailored to their talents and
interests and social environment.� This
activity was carried out by involving the Social Service of Ketja Energy and
Transmigration of Cirebon City which is similar to sectoral and other
stakeholders. Tru training includes such as sewing training, cooking, household
handicrafts, and common things that are commonly used to be the work of other housewives.
Second, entrepreneurship training. This training was conducted to provide
understanding and knowledge about the principles of small and medium
enterprises tailored to their skills based on the environmental conditions in
which they live, so that they are able to adapt and can be motivated to conduct
their business activities to help meet the income of their families in need.
This activity was carried out by involving the Social Service of Ketja Energy
and Transmigration of Cirebon City in the same package as the relevant agencies.
Third, the provision of productive economic capital assistance. This is
done in order to provide stimulant assistance in the form of goods / or merchandise
and small business capital as the basic capital in order to form, motivate and
to create family independence carried out individually. The Social Service of
Ketja Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon city which has the same clothes as
the relevant agencies has provided a lot of capital and business assistance for
families of underprivileged street children, such as groceries or capital to
support the needs of their families.
Fourth, the Establishment of a Joint Venture Group. Activities carried
out with the intention to develop productive economic businesses both that have
been given capital and goods through coaching � by forming a family group that
has the same type of business between five to ten families.
And the fifth is, Joint Venture Group Development. The purpose of this
activity is to develop a group business consisting of five to ten families who
participated and succeeded through the provision of productive economic capital
and also the establishment of a joint group business. There are five forms of
empowerment towards street children families that we can provide. Two of them
are forms of training, and the rest is the formation of groups for productive
economic businesses together in terms of activities that are usually carried
out in accordance with the conditions of residence, such as workshop business,
transportation business, sewing business, kiosk business, salon business, or
small stall business, then given capital to develop the business and to meet
the needs of his family. This empowerment activity must be monitored, monitored
periodically so that later they do not return to the street and do the same
activities on the streets in the city of Cirebon. (Direct interview of Head of
Social Affairs of Keija Energy And Transmigration Office of Cirebon City,
2014).
From the interview above, it can be known that five forms of fostering
care from the family there is in the form of training, and there is also the
formation of businesses and the provision of capital and develop it into an
effort to meet the needs of each of the children's families. The families of street
children should also be empowered in order to be able to support and meet the
needs of their families.
In addition, the Social Service of Ketja Energy and Transmigration of
Cirebon City provides knowledge education on healthy clean living behavior. The
knowledge provided is packaged in the form of tutorials in the process there is
a briefing so that street children maintain their cleanliness. It's like taking
a shower twice a day on a regular basis. As stated by the Head of Social
Affairs of the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City.
The handling of education in terms of knowledge that was once counseling
healthy living behaviors that of us. (Direct interview of Head of Social
Affairs of Ketja Energy and Transmigration Office of Cirebon City, 2014).
Education development in terms of skills provided by the Social Service
of Tenaga Ketja and Transmigration of Cirebon City in this case is in the form
of skills education that is more directed to vocational skills related to
certain areas of employment in the community such as workshop, garment
industry, and restaurants that include basic vocational skills and special
vocational skills (occupational skills). The skills provided were in the form
of sewing and cooking skills training for female street children and workshop
training and tire patches for boys.
This skills training is held once a year in accordance with the budget plan
of the Social Service of Keija Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon City which
refers to the Regional Budget (APBD) of Cirebon City. This was reinforced by
the statement of the Head of Social Affairs of the Keija Energy Office and the
Transmigration of Cirebon City on the form of handling education in terms of
skills.
His skills are workshop, making crafts like beads. Besides,
entrepreneurship is like selling cat rice". (Direct interview of Head of
Social Affairs of Keija Energy And Transmigration Office of Cirebon City,
2014).
The statement was in line with Mr. Henky Surhendioto's statement when
interviewed on Wednesday, May 15, 2014 about education programs in terms of
skills, namely:
A lot of yes we see it comprehensively. Form of self-reliance for example,
to be able to support himself, one of the primary needs of the example of eating.
Because they're street kids, we give them a way to live independently. We give
them simple training, so they can live independently. Which is simple, for
example what our boys are training in tire patches. But if the woman yes we
give sewing training we give the equipment even up to the sewing machine we
give.
The implementation process itself through selection. So in this case
street children in cirebon city in the data first ranging from street children
assisted by each Street Children Social Protection House, ngo-assisted, and street
children assisted by rehabilitation centers.�
Later from the data was taken consisting of street children who are
street children who are natively domiciled in the city of Cirebon to be taken
care of further through the village and sub-district of each place where the
street children of Cirebon city came from. Usually in this data collection, The
Social Service of Ketja And Transmigration of Cirebon City is the same as each
village, sub-district, and Child Social Protection House (RPSA). After the data
collection is made a proposal for its activity plan. In accordance with Mr.
Henky Surhendioto's statement about the implementation stages of the skills
program during an interview on Wednesday, May 15, 2014. The stage is the cost
of APBD, Budget be / anja region.� We
make a nomenk / set it later approved by the House. Well we have activities
like this, planning mass activities / planning training. There is a proposal
that we net from the village later we filter the qualified we give.�� For the RPSA, it helps with logging.� Ka/au qualified later we give.
Then there was a training by the Social Service of Ketja Personnel and
Transmigration of Cirebon City which was assisted again by experts. Such as
sewing course training held for 3 (three) days at SMK Negeri 2 Cirebon which is
the same as the teachers of sewing trainers at SMK Negeri 2 along with the
equipment provided by SMK Negeri 2.�� In
handling these sewing skills, rpsa Pelangi-assisted street girls do not
participate in this treatment. However, the handling of sewing skills for
female street children was held for girls in semarang city which was obtained
according to the data collection.
Enthusiastic street children when getting treatment in the form of skills
training are mostly happy, because with this training they get experience that
they can later use in the future to survive when they are adults and are
already thinking of living a better life.
The development of education in terms of street children attitudes by the
Social Service of Tenaga Ketja and Transmigration of Cirebon city emphasizes
more on discipline mental education and semi-military education. In accordance
with the results of an interview with the Head of The Social Service of Ketja
Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon City on Thursday, May 20, 2014 about the
education program in terms of attitudes given by the Social Service of Ketja
Energy and Transmigration of Cirebon City, it was explained that
"Discipline mental education program, semi-military education".
Mental discipline education is carried out so that street children have a
more controlled attitude, discipline and not anarchy. Because attitudes lead to
views or feelings accompanied by a tendency to act according to attitudes and
objects. The attitudes and objects in question are the attitudes of the people
around the street who make up the child to be negative. In the mental education
discipline of the Social Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City
in collaboration with the Police, Kodim, and Polres. In addition, the Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City also held a Character
Education Building, which was held in the open.�
According to the results of an interview with the Head of The Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City, on Wednesday, May 15,
2014. Sarna like skills training we take some foster children from RPSA or
orphanage, then we hold outbound well, later the character building That we
insert when we hold outbound with them. Usually the outbound is using the bus. Then
for supervision we leave it to the orphanages or RPSA how solubility whether in
2 days there is a change or not.
So the conclusion of the interview conducted by two resource persons is that
education in terms of attitudes carried out by the Head of The Social Service
of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon city emphasizes more on discipline
mental education.
In this handling, the previous stages of networking and outreach operations
were carried out at each point of the location of street children in the city
of Cirebon in collaboration with TRC (Rapid Reaction Team) from the Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City and Satpol PP which then
from the results of the network of street children were transported and taken
to orphanages or Social Rehabilitation Centers and RPSA to then be held further
treatment both from the orphanage , Social Rehabilitation Center and RPSA to provide
guidance and guidance to them to improve their behavior in the community and so
that they reduce not even turon to the street again.� As � conducted by the Social Service of
Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City provides mental discipline education,
character building education for children who are placed in the Social Rehabilitation
Center or Orphanage. Education is usually done for 6 months. If the street
children who were caught in the raid there are those who are assisted by RPSA.
The street child caretaker was invited to immediately pick up the street
children he built..
5.
Rehabilitation Development
As previously netted, there are children who are returned conditionally
to attend formal and non-formal education, and some are still in rehabilitation
centers to follow rehabilitation coaching through the existing system in the
rehabilitation center.
Rehabilitation development aimed at children is certainly different
according to the type of street children, as it is known together that street children
consist of three types, namely, street children of productive age, street
children of toddler age, and street children of school age. The rehabilitation
coaching that we do to street children varies according to their needs, of
course. For example, for children of seko/ah age other than us / akukan
guidance in general such as spiritual guidance, .physical, and social guidance,
we also provide assistance such as skolahkannya, and provide scholarship
assistance for street children who excel to increase motivation be / teaching.
(The results of a live interview with the Head of Social Affairs of the Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City, 2014).
Based on the results of the interview above that is matched with the
contents of Regional Regulation No. 6 of 2009 on The Protection of Displaced
Children and Children with Special Protection in the City of Cirebon it is true
that the government has tried to handle street children and minimize the number
of street children who often do their activities in public places in the city of
Cirebon.
Rehabilitation coaching is an effort to empower street children. Efforts
to rehabilitate or improve their lives for the better.� Social Rehabilitation efforts are a form of
coaching in which street children are schooled for those who are of school age
and for those who are not of school age or productive age given skills
including the development of talent and interests. As for the toddlers, a
coaching approach is carried out in the family as well as mentoring and
supplementing feeding. In the effort of social rehabilitation for street
children categorized in productive age, they are given mental, and spiritual,
physical social, and training skills and stimulant work equipment so that later
they know their job is placed according to their field.
In general, rehabilitation coaching is carried out for street children
who fall into the category of productive age and school age category consists
of three forms of rehabilitation coaching, namely mental and spiritual
guidance, physical guidance, and social guidance.
First, provide guidance mentally and spiritually. Fostering mental and
spiritual guidance that is, by forming attitudes and attitudes to street
children, both individual forms and forms per group. The formation of attitudes
and attitudes is expected to have a positive effect on street children when
returned in the community.� In the
provision of spiritual mental guidance there are things that are done in it,
namely by providing religious guidance, guidance on ethics and guidance on
norms in life.
Second, provide coaching in the form of physical guidance. Physical
guidance is provided in providing activities, such as activities that include
sports, art, and conducting health checks on children. When a medical
examination was carried out it was found that the street child had a health
problem, then the child was stopped in the process of providing rehabilitation
coaching in the orphanage. The provision of rehabilitation coaching means that
it is only temporary because the child is first referred to get health services
or health insurance first and then continue coaching rehabilitation in social
institutions.
Third, yaitri provides social guidance to children of productive age. The
social guidance provided is aimed at motivating the child and can develop his
awareness and responsibilities as a member of the community in addition, the
provision of social guidance can solve the social problems faced by the
children, both individually and in the form of groups.
The next guidance for street children who are categorized as street
children of productive age is to provide guidance in the form of skills
guidance. From the provision of skills training conducted in the rehabilitation
center is carried out on the same keJja between the orphanage and related agencies
such as private companies. From the implementation of skills training conducted
previously can be known the skills possessed by each individual of the street
children to be given stimulants in the form of providing equipment keJja to
develop the skills that each street child has.
When street children are considered to be capable and skilled and able to
make money from the results of their skills, then the children are
released.�� The release of street children
means that it is not just released, but facilitated to be placed in companies
that need their energy or return to their families or environment to develop
their skills in the form of business.
As for the children of the school age category, rehabilitation coaching
is given, namely pre-school guidance. The provision of preschool guidance here
is intended as an effort to prepare the street children before entering the
world of education that is more directed, fostered, and more formal. In
addition, the provision of pre-school guidance is also a form of introduction
to the condition of the school situation and provides understanding and
understanding to street children towards the subjects that will be obtained in
the world of school in general in accordance with the school level. It was only
then that the children were admitted to the school according to the child in the
school age category. Both formal education and non-formal education for
children who drop out of school. After being included in the world of education,
both formal and non-formal, the child was given scholarships and school
equipment as an effort to increase the children's learning motivation and ease
the burden on parents or families of the children.
Especially for street children who are categorized as toddlers,
rehabilitation coaching is given by approaching the families of street children
such as mentoring and supplementing feeding. The assistance referred to here is
that children's activities such as games and the development of interests and
talents of these children before setting foot in the world of school education.
Based on the explanation and statement above, it can be said that so far the
Cirebon city government has been very effective in running coaching programs.
In carrying out the development program or rehabilitation efforts, the Cirebon
city government in this case the Social Service of Keija Energy and
Transmigration of Cirebon City has raised the same keija with related agencies
both formal and non-formal agencies.
Conclusion
Based on the description of the results
of research and discussion, can be concluded in connection with the research
issues proposed as follows: 1) The effectiveness of coaching in the Social
Service of Ketja And Transmigration of Cirebon City in improving the welfare of
street children in the city of Cirebon has been made several efforts in
fostering street children such as supervision coaching, prevention coaching,
fostering care, rehabilitation coaching is considered to have covered all
aspects to foster people with social welfare problems, especially for street
children. These trainings are inseparable from the control of the Social
Service of Manpower and Transmigration of Cirebon City in collaboration with
the Social Service of West Java Province is the main perpetrator of the
development of these street children, assisted by NGOs (Non-Governmental
Organizations), Police, and Satpol PP. 2) Factors of effectiveness of coaching
in improving the welfare of street children in the city of Cirebon include supporting
factors, among others, local regulations that have been considered so good by
the government has not been able to handle the problem of street children who
from year to year increase. Although the increase is not sharp, but this is
said to have not been optimal handling of street child coaching. While the
inhibition factors include industrialization, modernization, and urbanization.
Nowadays everything is sophisticated so, people are required to keep up with
the times if they do not want to miss.
