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Journal
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COMPARISON OF FINE AGGREGATE TO
MORTAR STRENGTH BETWEEN SAND AWANG BANGKAL AND SAND BARITO
Khairil
Yanuar, Abdul Hafizh Ihsani, Muhammad Arya Anugerah,
Ruspiansyah Politeknik Negeri
Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract |
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Article Information: Received: 23-12-2022 Revised: 06-01-2023 Accepted: 23-01-2023 Keywords: Mortar;
Cement; Sand. |
The progress of developing
building construction in our country affects the number of diverse building
functions resulting in the number of buildings, the acceleration of the
desired building, and the demand for higher-quality construction. Mortar is a
mixture consisting of Cement, Fine Aggregate, and Water. The adhesive in the
mortar can be in the form of clay, lime, or cement. Fine Aggregate (Sand) in
the mortar mix is a filler (glued material) either in a hardened or
unhardened state. Research was conducted at the Structure and Materials
Laboratory of the Banjarmasin State Polytechnic. Data collection was carried
out by the method used to collect, study and collect data or sources related
to the topic raised in a study. Studies can be obtained from various sources,
such as journals, papers, reports, documentation books, the internet
(browsing), and libraries. The results of the compressive strength on the age
of mortar At the age of 3 days Semen Gresik Pasir Barito is 6.05 Mpa, At the
age of 7 days Semen Gresik Pasir Barito is 6.05 Mpa, At the age of 14 days
Semen Gresik Pasir Awang Bangkal is 8.66 Mpa, At the age of 28 days Semen
Gresik sand Awang Bangkal 10.68 MPa. It can be concluded that Pasir Barito is
included in zone IV, and Pasir Awang Bangkal is included in zone II. |
Introduction
The progress of constructing buildings that are
developing in our country affects the number of various building functions
resulting in the number of buildings, the desired acceleration of buildings,
and demands for higher quality construction (Simanjorang & Nawawi, 2022).
Mortar combines fine aggregate (Sand), binder
(Portland Cement, Clay, Lime), and water. The function of the mortar is the
binding matrix of the constituent parts of a construction, both structural and
non-structural (Umum & al S.P.M., 1970). The use of mortar
for construction is structural, for example, masonry mortar for foundation
structures, while for non-structural purposes, for example, brick masonry
mortar for infill walls (Sari, Wallah, & Windah, 2015).
The standard specifications for mortar refer to
its compressive strength, namely where the mortar must be able to accept the
load (Ali & Walujodjati, 2021). Considering
that as a part of mortar construction, it plays an essential role in carrying
loads, several factors influence the results of the compressive strength of the
mortar, including the type of cement, the amount of cement, the Water Cement Factor
(F.A.S.) and the density, aggregate properties and also the age of the mortar.
As with concrete, therefore, the use of mortar specimens must comply with the
Specification Standard (Taufik, Kurniawandy, & Arita, 2017).
The author is
interested in raising this discussion by trying to find the effect of the
compressive strength of mortar at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of age with a
comparison of delicate aggregate variations of Awang Bangkal sand from Karang
Intan and Barito sand from Barito Kuala Regency. Based on this background, the
author wishes to raise the, namely "Comparison of Fine Aggregate (Awang
Bangkal Sand and Barito Sand) Against Mortar Compressive Strength" (Pranoto, Halim, & Sudibyo, 2021).
Method
1.
Literature Study
A literature study is a method used to collect,
examine and collect data or sources related to the topic raised in a study.
Studies can be obtained from various sources, such as journals, papers,
reports, documentation books, the internet (browsing), and literature.
2.
Lokasi Penelitian
This
independent lecturer research was conducted at the Laboratory of Material and
Rock Testing Structures, Department of Civil and Earth Engineering, State
Polytechnic of Banjarmasin.
3.
Testing Standards
The
material research on mixtures will be carried out at the Material and Rock Test
Structure Laboratory, Department of Civil and Earth Engineering, State
Polytechnic of Banjarmasin (Bintoro, Limantara, & Winarto, 2018). The properties
of the materials used and examined in this study use the following methods.
(a). Cement fineness (S.N.I.
15-2530-1991)
(b). The specific gravity of
cement (S.N.I. 03-2531-1991)
(c). Consistency of cement (S.N.I.
15-2049-2004)
(d). Cement setting time (S.N.I.
03-6827-2002)
(e). Specific gravity and
absorption of fine aggregate (S.N.I. 1970-2008)
(f). ��Organic content (S.N.I. 03-2816-1992)
(g). Weight of fine aggregate
(S.N.I. 03-4804, 1998)
(h). Fine aggregate silt content
(SNI.03-4142, 1996)
(i). ��Acceptable aggregate moisture content (National
Standardization Agency, 2011)
(j). ��Sieve analysis of fine aggregate (National Standardization
Agency, 1990)
(k). Testing of flow table mortar
(S.N.I. 03-6825-2002)
(l). ��Mortar compressive strength test (S.N.I. 03-6825-2002)
4.
Material Preparation
The materials used include:
(a). The cement used is P.C.C. cement (Gresik)
(b). The sand used is Awang Bangkal sand and Barito
sand
(C). The Water used is PDAM water
5.
The proportion of Test Objects
Proportions
for making mortar test specimens with variations to obtain relevant results in
each mortar composition are based on (Dewi, Rifqi, & Hilmy, 2022). The
total proportion of the mixed ratio is 1Pc: 3Ps, with 15 samples for each
variation.
6.
Material Testing Stage
The
following is an explanation of the stages of material testing in this Final
Research activity (Ali & Walujodjati, 2021) dan (Pranoto et al., 2021):
(a). Material
Characteristics Testing
They
tested the characteristics of the material using the S.N.I. method.
Characteristic tests include sieve analysis, specific gravity and absorption,
delicate aggregate gradation zone, fineness modulus, moisture content, silt
content, organic content, and bulk density of fine aggregate.
(b). Determination
of Mixed Proportions Variations
Determination
of the proportion of the mixture is carried out to obtain data on the
compressive strength of the specimens for each variation of the mixture.
(c). Calculation
of Mix Formulas
The
Mix Formula calculation is carried out to determine how much material is needed
for the manufacture of the test object by calculating the total volume per
proportion and using the data from the expected test results that have been
done previously as additional data to calculate the Mix Formula.
(d). Cement
Water Factor Test (F.A.S.)
The
cement Water Factor Test (F.A.S.) is carried out to determine the ratio of the
proportion between cement and water so that the mixture is not excess water
which can result in the compressive strength of the mixture not being maximum.
(e). Test
Objects
I
am making the test object using a square mold of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm with the
number of test objects per proportion of the mixture, namely as many as 9 test
objects per proportion.
(f).
Treatment of Test Objects (Curing)
Treatment
of the specimen (Curing) is carried out after the mortar is removed from the
mold the day after the manufacture of the specimen, except for the specimen,
which will be compressed at three days. Treatment of the test object (Curing)
is carried out by immersing the test object in water until the compressive
strength test is carried out. This is done to keep the surface of the specimen
constantly moist to ensure the cement hydration process (cement and sand
reaction).
(g). Compressive
Strength Testing
Mortar
compressive strength testing was carried out at three days, seven days, 14
days, and 28 days with a note that the test object must be removed from the
water a maximum of 3 days before the test is carried out.
(h). Compressive
Strength Test Data Analysis
Analysis
of the compressive strength test data of the mortar test object, namely in the
form of compressive strength data at the age variation of the compressive
strength test for each proportion of the mortar mixture. To obtain a
relationship between the compressive strength of each mortar mixture proportion
variations with the age of the mortar.
Results and Discussion
A.
Cement Testing Results
The blocks of cement used in the research/testing are tonnes and gresik
blocks of cement. The test results can be seen in table 1 (Hariono, Rusli, & Hernanti, 2016).
Table 1
Testing
of Semen Gresik
|
No |
Kinds of
Examination |
Semen
Gresik |
specification
SNI 15-2049-2004 |
|
|
Reference
Standard |
Results |
|||
|
1. |
Specific
gravity |
SNI 03 �
2531 - 1991 |
3,145 |
Maks 3,2 |
|
2. |
Cement Fineness Stuck
in Sieve No. 100 Stuck in Sieve No. 200 |
SNI 15 �
2530 - 1991 |
|
|
|
|
0% |
0,0 % |
||
|
4% |
|
|||
|
3. |
Consistent |
SNI 15 �
2049 - 2004 |
26% |
- |
|
4 |
Binding Time Beginning End |
SNI 03 �
6827 � 2002 |
|
|
|
|
80
minute |
Min 45
minute |
||
|
|
150
minute |
Maks 360
minute |
||
�(Test results/own research)
Based on graph .1 above, the initial setting time is reached when the
Vicat needle descends as deep as 25 mm for 30 seconds. The initial setting time
for Gresik cement is 80 minutes. Meanwhile, the final setting time was reached
at 150 minutes when the Vicat needle was placed above the sample for 30 seconds
and did not decrease (Nasional, 2002).
B.
Satisfactory Aggregate Test Results
(Barito Sand)
The fine aggregate used is Barito sand. By testing the specific gravity,
absorption, silt content, moisture content, organic content, bulk density, and
sieving analysis, the results of the proper aggregate testing (Barito Sand) can
be seen in table 2.
Table 2
Satisfactory Aggregate Test Results (Barito Sand)
(Test results/own research)
The calculation data in table 2
is in Appendix III.
Table 2 shows that the fine
aggregate (Barito sand) in the organic content test did not meet the
specification requirements (Wahjoedi, Kusdiyono,
Supriyadi, Wahyono, & Mahbub, 2022).
Table 3
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate (Barito Sand)
(Test results/own research)
Fan Modulus = 1,90
Based on the sieving analysis test that has been carried out by himself.
It can be seen that the cumulative average passed on the sieve shows that this
(Barito) sand is included in zone IV (Ali & Walujodjati, 2021). Seeing from the average, it is in the middle of
the cumulative limit of zone IV.
C.
Satisfactory Aggregate Test Results (Bangkal Awang Sand)
Agregat halus yang digunakan
adalah pasir Barito, dengan melakukan pengujian berat jenis, penyerapan, kadar
lumpur, kadar air, kadar organik, berat isi, analisa saringan, hasil dari
pengujian agregat halus (Pasir Awang Bangkal) dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.
Table 4
Satisfactory Aggregate Test Results (Bangkal Awang Sand)
� (Test results/own research)
The calculation data in table 4
is in Appendix III.
Based
on table 4, the test results can be concluded that the fine aggregate (Awang
Bangkal sand) in the mud content test does not meet the specifications.
Table 5
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate (Bangkal Sand Awang)
(Test results/own research)
Fine
Modulus = 2,87
Based on the sieving analysis
test that has been carried out by himself. It can be seen that the cumulative
average passed on the sieve shows that this sand (Awang Bangkal) is included in
zone II. Seeing from the average, it is in the middle of the cumulative limit
of zone II.
D.
Calculation of Mixed Mortar Mix (Mix
Design)
For the calculation of mortar
mix according to (Gumelar As�at & Nuriani, 2021), the
materials used are fine aggregate of Barito and Awang Bangkal sand, the cement
used is grit cement, and the water used according to the determined proportion.
The following is the proportion
of mortar mixed with a mixture of 1 part Portland cement and three parts sand.
Table 6
Mix Design Calculation Results Comparison of 1Pc:3Ps (Barito)
Table 7
Mix Design Calculation Results Comparison of 1Pc:3Ps (Awang Bangkal)
(Test
results/own research)
E.
Konsistensi Mortar
Consistency testing uses a
melting table tool to determine the amount of water needed in the cement paste.
This test was carried out using fine aggregate sand Barito and Awang Bangkal.
The binding time is carried out if the consistency meets the requirements.
Table 8
Sand Mortar Consistency
(Barito)
���� (Test results/own research)
F.
Mortar Compressive Strength Test Results
The results of the mortar compressive strength test, according to (Indriyati, Malik, & Alwinda, 2019) for one variation of cement type, there were 15 test
objects divided into four mortar ages, namely 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. The
compressive strength test of the mortar results is shown in Tables 9 and 10.
Table 9
Compressive Strength Test
Results of Sand Mortar
(Test results/own research)
Table 10
Compressive Strength Test
Results of Sand Mortar (Awang Bangkal)
(Test results/own research)
The results of the mortar tests
in tables 10 and 11 at the ages of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days with a total of 30
samples, show that the compressive strength of Gresik cement with Barito and
Awang Bangkal sand shows that the average always increases and the highest
compressive strength occurs in 28 days old.
G.
Mortar Standard Deviation Calculation
Table 11
Compressive
Strength Calculation Results of the Characteristics of Barito Sand
|
Pasir Barito |
||||
|
No Sample |
Xi (kg/cm2) |
X (kg/cm2) |
Xi-X (kg/cm2) |
(Xi-X)^2 (kg/cm2) |
|
1 |
143,1 |
102,5 |
40,62 |
1650,277 |
|
2 |
139,6 |
102,5 |
37,13 |
1378,904 |
|
3 |
171,0 |
102,5 |
68,54 |
4698,225 |
|
4 |
90,2 |
102,5 |
-12,26 |
150,389 |
|
5 |
96,6 |
102,5 |
-5,82 |
33,875 |
|
6 |
92,4 |
102,5 |
-10,12 |
102,326 |
|
7 |
62,8 |
102,5 |
-39,65 |
1571,837 |
|
8 |
81,0 |
102,5 |
-21,50 |
462,181 |
|
9 |
86,6 |
102,5 |
-15,91 |
253,268 |
|
10 |
85,2 |
102,5 |
-17,31 |
299,650 |
|
11 |
125,6 |
102,5 |
23,17 |
537,016 |
|
12 |
86,6 |
102,5 |
-15,91 |
253,268 |
|
13 |
86,6 |
102,5 |
-15,91 |
253,268 |
|
14 |
100,5 |
102,5 |
-1,95 |
3,820 |
|
15 |
89,3 |
102,5 |
-13,12 |
172,197 |
|
Rata-Rata |
102,5 |
|
0,000 |
11820,502 |
���� (Test results/own research)
�
��� ��������������������������..(4.1)
�= 29,06
��������������������(4.2)
�= 54,81 kg/cm2
Based on the table
and calculations above, it can be seen that the characteristic compressive
strength of the ratio 1Pc: 3Ps of Barito sand is 54.81 kg/cm2.
Table
12
Compressive Strength Calculation Results of the Characteristics of Awang
Bangkal Sand
|
Pasir Awang Bangkal |
||||
|
No Sampel |
Xi (kg/cm2) |
X (kg/cm2) |
Xi-X (kg/cm2) |
(Xi-X)^2 (kg/cm2) |
|
1 |
101,2 |
95,2 |
5,96 |
35,562 |
|
2 |
108,2 |
95,2 |
12,94 |
167,532 |
|
3 |
101,2 |
95,2 |
5,96 |
35,562 |
|
4 |
58,0 |
95,2 |
-37,26 |
1388,224 |
|
5 |
60,1 |
95,2 |
-35,11 |
1232,796 |
|
6 |
100,9 |
95,2 |
5,69 |
32,433 |
|
7 |
82,4 |
95,2 |
-12,88 |
165,961 |
|
8 |
86,6 |
95,2 |
-8,69 |
75,596 |
|
9 |
90,7 |
95,2 |
-4,51 |
20,309 |
|
10 |
99,1 |
95,2 |
3,87 |
14,972 |
|
11 |
99,1 |
95,2 |
3,87 |
14,972 |
|
12 |
113,1 |
95,2 |
17,83 |
317,888 |
|
13 |
111,7 |
95,2 |
16,43 |
270,057 |
|
14 |
113,1 |
95,2 |
17,83 |
317,888 |
|
15 |
103,3 |
95,2 |
8,06 |
64,922 |
|
Rata-Rata |
95,2 |
|
0,000 |
4154,677 |
(Test
results/own research)
�= 17,23
�= 66,99 kg/cm2
Based on the table and calculations above, it can be seen that the
characteristic compressive strength of the ratio 1Pc: 3Ps of Awang Bangkal sand
is 66.99 kg/cm2.
Conclusion
From
the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded as follows: It
can be concluded that the characteristics of Awang Bangkal Sand on the mud
content test do not meet the specification requirements, and Barito Sand on the
organic content test does not meet the specification requirements (Syahriadi, 2021).
A.
Based on the average compressive strength of the mortar, the following results
are obtained: Pasir Awang Bangkal, at three days old, was 41.41 kg/cm2. At
seven days old, 47.46 kg/cm2, 14 days old, 86.55 kg/cm2; and at 28 days old,
106.56 kg/cm2. Barito sand at the age of
3 days was 60.49 kg/cm2. At the age of 7 days, 60.49 kg/cm2. At the age of 14
days, 76.78 kg/cm2, and at the age of 28 days, 95.63 kg/cm2. Based on the calculation of the characteristic
compressive strength of the mortar, 64.81 kg/cm2 for Barito sand and 66.99
kg/cm2 for Awang Bangkal sand.
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|
Khairil Yanuar, Abdul Hafizh Ihsani, Muhammad Arya Anugerah, Ruspiansyah� (2023) |
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