Introduction
The Unitary State of the Republic of
Indonesia is based on Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 BAB III Pasal 32 berbunyi ; �The
Government of Advancing Indonesian National Culture" explained that the
nation's culture is a culture that arises as the cultivation of the People of
Indonesia as a whole. Old and original cultures that exist as cultural peaks in
regions throughout Indonesia are counted as the culture of the nation. Cultural
efforts must go towards the advancement of centuries, culture and unity by not
rejecting materials from foreign cultures that can develop the nation's own
culture, as well as heightening the humanitarian drajat of the Indonesian
nation (Dunn, 2003).
Tap. No. IV / MPR / 198. BAB 13 Pasal
32, Reads, In
the framework of art development needs to be developed policies that support
the creativity of healthy artists. Regional development is improved in order to
develop national arts in order to further enrich the diverse arts. Furthermore,
in article 18 B (1) the State recognizes and respects government units of a
special or special nature governed by law (2) The State recognizes and respects
the unity of indigenous peoples as well as traditional rights as long as they
are alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles
of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is stipulated in the
Constitution of 1945 Chapter III Article 32 (Darsoprajitno, 2002).
Regarding
the national development of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia has
made a policy on local governments to overcome their respective regional
problems by making Law No. 12 of 2008 on Regional Autonomy, namely the Law of
the Republic of Indonesia No. 12 of 2008 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 32
of 2004 on Local Government.
The
Regional Autonomy Law on decentralization, the local government has its own
policies, especially regarding the regionality has been regulated by their
respective regions, namely with the West Java Provincial Regulation No. 6 Year
2003 on "Arts Maintenance (Regional Gazette Year 2003 No.6 E series)".
The
arts in West Java province are very much, including arts about regional dance,
traditional houses, and other art tools. But here the author focuses his
discussion on dance originating from Depok, namely Tayub Depok Dance (Ranjabar, 2006).
The
history of Tayub Depok is thought to have grown during the reigning queen's
panembahan era in Depok. As a dance of association and respect, art initially
developed among the upper middle class. The meaning of Tayub Dance itself comes
from the word Toyiba or Toyib which means "goodness" But in today's
globalization, Tayub Dance is starting to be abandoned by the People of Depok,
so that only some Depok people, especially young people in Depok do not know
what tayub dance is (Parsons, 2005).
This
illustrates that Tayub Dance is now not an interest for the community,
especially in Depok area, it can be seen from the lack of public interest in
recognizing Tayub Dance which implies a lack of regeneration or successor for
the sake of its existence Tayub Dance. In addition, the local government, especially
the Department of Youth Tourism culture and sports has not optimal socialist
action or Tayub Dance training in particular (Winarno, 2012).
In
line with the policy of cultural preservation, especially in Depok regency
stated that the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports is expected to
be active and develop cultural preservation in Depok regency as optimally as
possible.
Indeed
Tayub Dance is still a lot of fans but the current situation is no longer as
beautiful as its name, so often Tayub Dance is not used as a means of
association, on the contrary struggle. Nowadays only a few art galleries are
still exist maintaining Tayub Dance as a regional cultural heritage. One of the
art galleries that is still exist in maintaining Tayub Dance is Sanggar Seni
Kencana Ungu which is located in Mertasinga Village, Gunung Jati District, Depok
Regency.
Running
the wheels of the organization Purple Kencana Art Gallery there are several
obstacles including budget constraints for oprasionalization of activities and
limited infrastructure owned by The Purple Kencana Art Gallery, while in the
description above the local government has made regulations on the maintenance
of the arts (Ngalimun, 2016).
Policy deviations made by the Depok
Regency Government through the Department of Youth Tourism Culture and Sports
regarding the maintenance of the arts can be seen from:
a. The lack of education and
training of Tayub Dance conducted by the Department of Culture and Sports
Tourism to art galleries in Depok Regency.
b. The budget for maintenance
is incidental and not continuous.
c. In submitting proposals
activities tend to be complicated by the bureaucracy in Depok Regency.
In
addition to the Depok Regency Government through the Department of Youth
Tourism Culture and Sports the problems faced regarding Tayub Dance include the
lack of regeneration and the interest of successors who carry out Tayub Dance,
the lack of tayub dance training specifically conducted by the Department of
Youth Tourism Culture and Sports as well as the community, the lack of interest
of the younger generation towards traditional dance including Tayub Dance in it (Tumanggor, Ridlo, & H Nurochim, 2017).
Based
on the description above, the author is interested in doing research with the
title: "Analysis of Cultural Preservation Policy in the Department of
Youth Tourism Culture and Sports Depok Regency".
This research was conducted by referring
to the policy analysis of cultural preservation programs in the Department of
Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports Depok regency which includes the still not
optimal policy of cultural preservation programs in the Department of Culture,
Tourism, Youth and Sports Depok Regency and what factors influence the policy
of cultural preservation programs.��������
Methods
Research
methods are basically a scientific way to obtain data with specific purposes
and uses. Based on this, there are four keywords that need to be considered,
namely, scientific methods, data, objectives, and activities. The scientific
way means that research activities are based on scientific characteristics,
namely rational, empirical, and systematic.
The
research method used in this research is qualitative method using case study
approach according to (Yin, 2011) is one of the research methods of social sciences. In
addition to case studies there are still several other methods such as
experimentation, survey, historical, and documentary information analysis (as
in economic studies). The use of each method has its own advantages and
disadvantages, depending on three things, namely: 1) the type of research question,
2) the control that the reviewer has on the behavioral events he will research,
and 3) the focus on the research phenomenon (contemporary phenomenon or
historical phenomenon).
According to Robert K. Yin identified
six source evidences in a case study, as mentioned below:
a. The documents of a case
study can be in the form of letters, memoranda, agendas, administrative
letters, newspaper articles, or in the form of relevant documents for
investigation. In the interest of triangulation of evidence, these documents
serve to corroborate evidence from other sources. The document could lead to
falsehoods at the hands of experienced researchers, who have been critical of
case studies. Documents are communication between the parties in the study,
researchers as observers replace and maintain this thought will help
researchers avoid the misledness of the document.
b. Document archives get
records services from researchers, organizational logging, rosters, survey
data, and other types of logging. Investigators should be careful in assessing
the accuracy of records before using them. Even if recording is quantitative,
they may still be inaccurate.
c. Interviews are one of the
most important sources of case study information. There are several forms of interviews:
open interviews, focused interviews, and structured or surveys. In an open
interview, respondents or sources of information are asked to comment on
specific events. They can submit solutions or provide information about events
that occur over a period of time. They can also corroborate evidence obtained
from other sources. Researchers should avoid reliance on one informant, and
look for the same data from other sources to check its authenticity. Focused
interviews are used in situations where the respondents interviewed for a short
period of time, usually answering questions already set. This technique is
often used to confirm data collected from other sources. Structured interviews
are similar to surveys, and are used to collect data in cases such as
environmental studies. Questions are detailed and developed in advance, just
like those in the survey.
d. Direct observation occurs
when field visits are conducted during case studies. It can be as simple as
casual data collection activities, or formal protocols for measuring and
recording behavior. This technique is useful for providing additional
information about the topic being studied. Reliability is improved when more
than one observer is involved in the task.
e. The observations made the
researchers active participants in the study. This is often the case in the
study of the environment or group. This technique provides some unusual
opportunities to collect data, but can face some problems. Researchers could
also change the course of events as part of a group, which may not be helpful
to study.
f. Physical artifacts can be
tools, instruments, or some other physical evidence that can be collected
during a study as part of a field trip. The researcher's perspective could be
expanded as a result of that discovery.
The
research method used in this study aims to provide an overview of Cultural
Preservation Policy Analysis at the Department of Youth Tourism culture and
sports.
According to (Moleong, 2019) defining
qualitative methods is a particular tradition in social sciences that
fundamentally joins from observations in humans. Bogdan and taylor in (Moleong, 2007) define
qualitative methods as research procedures that produce descriptive data in the
form of written or spoken words from people and observed behaviors1.
Results and Discussion
In this chapter, researchers will
describe the results of the study and discuss data from the results of the
study on "Analysis of Cultural Preservation Policy in the Department of
Youth Tourism culture and Sports Depok Regency.
1. Cultural Preservation Policy
Public policy is a product of policies made by the
government in the form of government actions, has a specific purpose and is
intended for the benefit of the community not only the interests of certain
groups. If a policy is given legitimacy by the authorized body, then the policy
can be enforced implementation and is binding for people / parties who are the
target of the policy. Public policy is a formal decision of the government that
contains development programs as the realization of the functions or duties of
the state as well as in order to achieve goals.
According to some experts on public policy, according to
Charles O. Jones (Winarno, 2012) "Policy terms are used in everyday practice but are
used to replace very different activities or decisions. This term is often
exchanged with goals, programs, decisions, standards, proposals and grand
design".
The philosophy of preservation is based on the human
tendency to preserve cultural values in the past but has significance for the
next generation. However, conservation measures are increasingly complex when
faced with the real reality. Preservation measures intended to preserve artworks
as historical testimonies, often clash with other interests, especially in development
activities.
The government in this case the Department of Youth
Tourism culture and sports Depok regency is very influential in the preservation
of culture, especially Tayub Dance Arts in mertasinga village, Gunung Jati
district. As contained in Tap. No. IV / MPR / 198. Chapter 13 Article 32,
reads:
"In the framework of art development needs to be
developed policies that support the creativity of healthy artists. Regional
development is improved in order to develop national arts in order to further
enrich the diverse arts".
Furthermore, in
article 18 B (1) the State recognizes and respects government units of a
special or special nature governed by law (2) The State recognizes and respects
the unity of indigenous peoples as well as traditional rights as long as they
are alive and in accordance with the development of society and the principles
of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, which is stipulated in the Constitution
of 1945 Chapter III Article 32.
2. Formulation of problems
Problem formulation is the most
fundamental stage in the policy formulation process. Because this stage is
formulating what exactly is the problem of policy to be solved immediately. The
stages begin with the recognition or "perceived civility" of a
problem situation. The transfer from the problem situation must go through a
"problem search" that is still multi-interpretation (meta problem),
then the move to a paradigmatic problem (substantive problem). From a formal
issue that has been specific to a policy, then back again to the situation of
the problem that is the result of "problem recognition". In the
formulation of the problem is a crucial point that requires good intentions or
commitment from government authorities so that at the stages that go through it
can produce a clear and firm classification which includes private issues and
which maslah tegolong public problems.
According to (Dunn, 2003) the
first process in policy analysis is the formulation of problems, namely:
"A stage in the study
where the analysis, which is expected with imformation on the consequences of
some policies began to experience a situation of confusion, difficulty where
difficulties develop throughout the situation, and affect the whole".
Department of Youth Tourism
culture and sports Depok regency as a government institution, one of the main
tasks is the implementation of operations in the field of Culture, Tourism,
Youth and Sports which includes operational control. Assisted by the Arts
Section prepares work plans and programs, as guidelines for the implementation
of its duties. Then the conduct of coordination with the relevant work units in
the framework of the implementation of technical policies in the field of the
arts include the development and development of the arts and empowerment to
artists and culturalists.
In this case, the Department of
Youth Tourism culture and Sports Depok Regency through the Arts Section carried
out an inventory of problems in the arts and formulated policy measures, suggestions
for solving them.
Based on the results of
interviews conducted by researchers on informants, mentioning:
The first interview was
conducted by the researcher to the Head of Cultural Affairs of the Depok Youth
and Sports Tourism Department by asking: To what extent do you think the father
socialized to the community about Tayub Dance in Depok Regency?
The Head of Culture, Department
of Youth Tourism and Sports Culture, Depok Regency said that:
"Socialization is carried out through two stages, namely: (a) through
the Art Performance scheduled by the Office to socialize the arts in Depok
regency including Tayuban in which usually this event is held on every Depok
Regency's 10th Day; (b) at public entertainment events (art considered by the
community) Tayuban is also biased in collaborated with other dance arts,
including in the play or as a mask performance"
3.
Coverage
Coverage is still distinguished into two parts, namely
(a) content analysis which is an empirical definition of policy content,
especially on the purpose, definition of the problem, the purpose and
orientation of a policy; (b) historical analysis that emphasizes the evolution
of policy content from the beginning of formation to its implementation is even
expansive in comparing some policies chronologically.
Coverage (Description)
aims for the creation and transfer of information after policy action is taken.
Which includes several types of activities that are branched out by three types
of analysis groups:
a. Discipline-oriented
analysis, more focused on developing and testing basic theories in scientific
disciplines, and explaining policy causation. Orientation on policy goals and
objectives is not very dominant. Thus, if set for policy basis requires
additional review to be more operational.
b. Problem-oriented analysis,
focused on aspects of causal relationships of the policy, is applied, but still
general. Goal orientation is general, but can provide policy variables that may
be able to be oriented to achieve specific goals and objectives.
c. Analysis that orientates
the application, explaining the relationship of causality, more sharply to
identify the objectives and objectives of the policy and its perpetrators. The
resulting information can be used to evaluate specific policy outcomes,
formulate policy issues, establish new policy alternatives, and lead to
practical problem solving..
4.
Evaluation
In general, policy evaluation can be said to be an activity
that concerns the estimation or assessment of policies that include substance,
implementation and impact. In this case the evaluation is seen as a functional
activity. This means that policy evasion is not only carried out in the entire
policy process. Thus, policy evaluation can include the formulation of policy
issues, proposed programs to solve policy problems, implementation and policy
impact stages.
Cultural Affairs
Department of Youth Tourism and Sports Tourism Depok Regency that from his side
admitted there are still shortcomings in the Department of Youth Tourism
culture and sports Depok regency, this is due to the number and diversity of
arts that each year still does not meet the target of every type of arts that
exist and also limited budget. This is also supported by the opinion of
supporting informants who argue that the performance of the Depok Regency Youth
and Sports Tourism Cultural Office is perceived to be still not good. Singga
raised concerns from the Cultural, Sanggar Leaders, Members of Sanggar, Kuwu
and the community will be extinct Tayub Dance Arts.
5.
Recommendations
Policy-analysis procedures of recommendations allow
analysts to generate information about possible future actions to produce
valuable consequences for individuals, groups or communities as a whole. It
contains information about policy actions, future consequences after taking alternative
actions, and subsequently determined which alternatives to choose.
In making policy analysis recommendations specifically
answer various issues about goals, costs, obstacles, externality of time. And
risks and uncertainties. Public and private choices differ in three ways: the
nature of the public policy process, the nature of collective public policy
objectives, and the meaning of public goods. The two main approaches to public
policy analysis recommendations are cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness
analysis. In performing a cost-benefit analysis it is necessary to complete a
series of measures: target specifications. Alternative identikation,
collection, analysis and interpretation of information; target group
specifications; identification of cost types and benefits; discounting costs
and benefits; criteria specifications for recommending; and the recommendations
themselves. Cost effectiveness analysis is appropriately used if targets cannot
be disclosed in net income.
The assessment of alternatives will give you an idea of
an appropriate alternative option to achieve public policy objectives. In this
process is to formulate recommendations on alternatives that are calculated to
achieve the objectives optimum. Recommendations can be one or more alternatives,
with the right arguman of the various assessment factors. In this
recommendation should be put forward the implementation strategy of the policy
alternatives presented to public policy makers.
For recommendations of the Department of Youth Tourism
culture and sports Depok regency assisted by the Department of Culture who has
the task of managing the preparation of plans and work programs in the Field of
Culture, as guidelines for the implementation of tasks. Distributing and giving
instructions for the implementation of tasks to the Section Heads, in
accordance with their duties. Monitor, control, evaluate and assess the execution
of tasks. Coordinate with the relevant task force in the framework of the
implementation of cultural activities. Develop and formulate technical policies
in the field of Culture. Following the preparation and development of cultural
activities.
In addition to
the Cultural Section, the Cultural Office of Youth Tourism and Sports of Depok
Regency is also assisted by the Arts Section, one of its duties is to include
artists and culturalists to the performances of arts and culture at the local,
regional, national and foreign levels as a promotion of Depok regency.
Facilitating the establishment of a forum for artists and culturalists of Depok
Regency.
6.
Practical
collection
Practical
conclusions, aimed at reaching close conclusions so that policy problems can be
solved. Practical words, emphasized more on the close conclusions drawn with
social values and norms. This understanding is intended to answer the
misunderstanding of recommendations that are often interpreted in information
that is less operational or less practical, is far from the real phenomenon.
Conclusion
Based on the results of the analysis
that has been described in Chapter IV, can be drawn some conclusions as
follows: 1) Cultural dissipation policy that includes the formulation of
problems, coverage, evaluation, recommendations and practical conclusions
carried out by the Department of Youth Tourism culture and Sports Depok Regency
in the preservation of Culture, especially Tayub Dance Arts in Mertasinga
Village, Gunung Jati District, felt still not maximally felt by culturalists,
members of the workshop and the community mertasinga village. This is due to
the lack of maximum government role, namely the Depok Regency Youth and Sports
Tourism Cultural Office. 2) Factors that support the policy in the cultural
conservation program of the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports of
Depok Regency are communication between agencies and recipients of policies,
supervision of agencies on cultural preservation and forms of implementation.
The condition of communication between agencies and policy recipients in the
cultural conservation program, especially Tayub Dance is still lacking, this is
because the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports Depok regency
involves less Cultural, local art galleries and mertasinga village community in
the formulation of cultural preservation programs especially Tayub Dance.
Supervision of the Department of Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sports of Depok
Regency towards the preservation of culture, especially Tayub Dance is very
important so that the preservation of culture can run well and in accordance
with expectations. In addition, supervision is carried out so that there are no
policy irregularities that have been determined. The implementation of cultural
preservation carried out by the Department of Youth Tourism culture and sports
of Depok Regency is in accordance with the budget. But for the art actors
themselves are still not as expected. 3) In implementing the policy of cultural
preservation in this case Tayub Dance Arts Department of Youth Tourism culture
and sports Depok district experienced obstacles including: a) Lack of socialization
about Tayub Dance Arts to the community this can be seen from the lack of
performance tayub dance. b) The lack of involvement of culturalists, sanggar
owners, members of the workshop, Kuwu and mertasinga community in negotiating
the arts budget, especially tayub art. c) Less than the maximum efforts of the
Government through the Department of Youth Tourism culture and sports Depok
regency. d) Lack of education and training tayub dance conducted by the Department
of Culture Tourism Youth and Sports to art galleries in Depok Regency. e) The
budget for maintenance is incidental is not continuous f) In the submission of
proposals activities tend to be complicated by the bureaucracy in Depok
regency. g) Lack of regeneration and interest of successors who carry out Tayub
Dance, lack of tayub dance training specifically conducted by the Department of
Youth Tourism Culture and Sports and the community, lack of interest of the
younger generation towards traditional dance including Tayub Dance in it.
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