Journal of Business, Social and Technology
Journal Title Journal of Business Social and Technology DOI prefix 10.59261 by Crossref Frequency 6 Issues per year (February, April, June, August, October, December) ISSN Online 2807-6362 Editor in Chief Abdurokhim Publisher Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional Indexing CROSSREF | SINTA | EBSCO | Garuda Citation Analysis Google Scholar | Dimension Journal of Business, Social and Technology is a medium of communication for researchers, academics, and practitioners from around the world covering issues such as Business, Social and Technology fields. Journal of Business, Social and Technology publishes comprehensive research articles and reviews by leading experts in the field. Selected articles that have high scientific achievements, provide important new knowledge, and are of high benefit for the public, and to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex legal and social challenges facing contemporary societies. Journal of Business, Social and Technology accepts submissions throughout the year. Submissions are reviewed upon receipt. Published Manuscripts are written in standard English. This journal welcomes submissions all year round. Submissions are reviewed upon receipt. The manuscript template can be downloaded Here.
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The Influence of Social Media Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) on Purchase Intention Through Trust in Indibiz Products in the Telkom Yogyakarta and Southern Central Java Area
Background: The digitalization of business services in Indonesia has boosted social media marketing (SMM) and e-WOM adoption among SMEs in the B2B telecommunications sector. However, trust as a link between SMM, e-WOM, and purchase intention for products like Indibiz remains underexplored. Objective: This study examines the impact of SMM and e-WOM on purchase intention for Indibiz through consumer trust, focusing on SMEs in the Telkom Yogyakarta Jateng Selatan area that use social media, are aware of Indibiz, but have not subscribed. Methods: This study uses a quantitative explanatory approach with purposive sampling, collecting 208 valid responses from 283 questionnaires via Google Forms. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with SmartPLS 4.0, including outer model tests (validity, reliability) and inner model analysis (path coefficients, bootstrapping, R²). Results: All seven hypotheses were supported. SMM positively influenced trust (β = 0.287, t = 3.42, p < 0.01) and purchase intention (β = 0.198, t = 2.21, p < 0.05). e-WOM positively influenced trust (β = 0.602, t = 7.15, p < 0.001) and purchase intention (β = 0.231, t = 2.64, p < 0.01). Trust significantly mediated both relationships (SMM→Trust→PI: β = 0.130; e-WOM→Trust→PI: β = 0.272). The model explained 73.1% of purchase intention variance (R² = 0.731). Conclusion: Trust mediates the relationship between digital marketing signals and B2B purchase intention in Indonesian telecommunications SMEs. Practitioners should focus on trust-building content strategies and manage e-WOM credibility to convert prospects into Indibiz subscribers. Future research should explore other regions and platforms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afifah Nuraghnia Kusumadewi, Retno Widowati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Disparitas Pemidanaan Pada Ratio Decidendi Perkara Narkotika dalam Kajian Individualisasi Pidana
Latar belakang: Ketidakseragaman dalam pemidanaan perkara narkotika menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum serta persepsi ketidakadilan di masyarakat, di mana pelaku dengan karakteristik perkara yang serupa menerima hukuman yang berbeda secara signifikan. Fenomena ini terjadi meskipun asas individualisasi pidana memberikan kewenangan kepada hakim untuk mempertimbangkan kondisi individual terdakwa. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor dalam ratio decidendi (pertimbangan hukum hakim) yang menyebabkan disparitas pemidanaan, serta menganalisis penerapan asas individualisasi pidana dalam putusan perkara narkotika di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian normatif yuridis ini menggunakan analisis terhadap dua putusan Pengadilan Negeri Rantauprapat, yakni Putusan No. 626/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Rap dan Putusan No. 159/Pid.Sus/2019/PN.Rap, keduanya berdasarkan Pasal 112 ayat (1) UU No. 35 Tahun 2009. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil: Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa disparitas pemidanaan terjadi akibat kebebasan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana, perbedaan penafsiran terhadap fakta persidangan, serta pertimbangan faktor yang meringankan dan memberatkan terdakwa. Terdakwa dengan barang bukti lebih sedikit sebesar 0,64 gram dan tanpa alat pendukung justru menerima hukuman lebih berat dibanding terdakwa dengan barang bukti lebih banyak sebesar 1,30 gram yang disertai dengan bong, timbangan, dan ponsel, yang hanya divonis 3 tahun. Meskipun demikian, tanpa pedoman pemidanaan yang jelas, penerapan asas individualisasi pidana berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dan rasa ketidakadilan di masyarakat. Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan asas individualisasi pidana yang efektif memerlukan penguatan pedoman pemidanaan, peningkatan kualitas ratio decidendi, serta pelatihan hakim guna memastikan bahwa disparitas pemidanaan mencerminkan perbedaan kasus yang nyata, bukan variasi yudisial yang bersifat arbitrer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gloria Imanuella Manuputty, Reimon Supusepa, Iqbal Taufik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Civil Servant Neutrality in Palembang Through Discourse Network Analysis and Social Network Visualization (GEPHI)
Background: Civil servant (ASN) neutrality is often viewed merely as a matter of administrative and legal compliance; however, in practice, it involves complex narrative dynamics among various policy actors in the public sphere. Objective: This study aims to map the policy discourse structure of ASN neutrality in the 2024 Palembang local election and identify key actors and their underlying patterns of interest. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach through Discourse Network Analysis (DNA) and social network visualization via Gephi software, this study analyzed 56 statements from 40 relevant policy actors. Results: The results reveal a fragmented discourse network (96 nodes; density = 0.05; modularity ≈ 0.87), with consensus concentrated around law enforcement and disciplinary sanctions. Bawaslu RI emerged as the actor with the highest degree centrality (degree ≈ 15 connections), dominating the oversight narrative alongside regulatory agencies, whereas civil society groups and ASNs exhibited lower centrality scores and remained peripheral in the policy debate. Conclusion: The study concludes that strengthening bureaucratic ethical education and fostering more inclusive cross-sectoral collaboration are essential to safeguarding bureaucratic integrity from practical political intervention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zainal Prima Putra, Alamsyah, Raniasa Putra, M Nur Budiyanto, M. Husni Thamrin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Combating Transnational Crimes Through the Indonesian Immigration System
Background: The rise of transnational crimes and digital technology challenges state security, while Indonesia’s limited resources and manual immigration systems hinder crime prevention efforts. Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia’s immigration system as a strategic instrument for combating transnational crimes from the perspectives of international law and national resilience. Methods: The methodology employed in this study is a literature review, systematically examining reputable international journals, accredited national journals, and scholarly books discussing Artificial Intelligence, transnational crimes, international law, and immigration policies. The analysis applies a normative juridical and conceptual approach to assess the compatibility of AI applications with international legal instruments, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, as well as Indonesia’s national legal framework. Results: The novelty of this research lies in integrating Artificial Intelligence, international law on transnational crime, immigration functions, and national resilience into a unified analytical framework. AI is viewed not only as an administrative tool but also as a strategic component of national security through border monitoring, risk analysis, biometric identification, and predictive immigration intelligence. The study finds that AI can improve foreign national supervision, accelerate early detection of transnational crimes, and strengthen international cooperation, although its implementation still requires stronger legal frameworks, human rights protection, and clear accountability mechanisms. Conclusion: With an appropriate approach, Artificial Intelligence can serve as a strategic instrument to strengthen Indonesia’s national resilience through an adaptive, modern, and security-oriented immigration system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Adhitya Graha Pratama, Margaretha Hanita, Basir . S https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Digital Payment Adoption (QRIS) and Financial Inclusion in Enhancing the Financial Performance of Micro Enterprises in Cirebon City
Background: MSMEs contribute significantly to Indonesia’s economy, yet many still face limited financial access and low digital literacy. QRIS was introduced to support digital payments and financial inclusion, but its impact on MSME financial performance remains unclear. Objective: This study seeks to examine how financial inclusion and digital payment adoption (QRIS) may enhance the financial performance of microenterprises in Cirebon City. The phenomena of economic digitization and the relevance of financial access to MSME sustainability form the basis of this study. Methods: This study employed a survey technique in conjunction with a quantitative approach. Microenterprise owners in Cirebon City's culinary industry constituted the study population, and the Slovin formula was used to calculate the sample size of 94 respondents. Questionnaires were used for data collection, and SPSS was utilized for multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The study's findings indicate that: (1) financial performance is positively and significantly affected by the adoption of digital payments (QRIS), as demonstrated by a t-statistic of 6.811 and a significance value of 0.000; (2) financial inclusion has a positive and significant impact on financial performance, as demonstrated by a t-statistic of 5.711 and a significance value of 0.000; and (3) both variables simultaneously exert a significant effect, with an F-statistic of 28.798. Together, the two variables explain 38.8% of the variance in financial performance. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of equitable financial access and the implementation of payment technologies in promoting the growth and financial performance of microenterprises.
Copyright (c) 2026 Meiydida Arfansyah Pasaribu, Nurhana Dhea Parlina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transformation of the Economic Education Model through Technology-Based Market Signals to Achieve External Efficiency in the Green Industry Sector
Background: Amid global digital disruption and ecological crises, economic education faces significant challenges regarding the relevance of graduates to the labor market. Objective: This study aims to construct a transformative model of economic education that is adaptive to technology-based market signals to enhance external efficiency within the green industry sector. Methods: Employing a mixed-methods approach with an exploratory sequential design, this research integrates Research and Development (R&D) procedures to design a dynamic curriculum framework. Data were collected through big data analytics from digital labor platforms and validated by a panel of experts and circular industry practitioners. Results: The findings reveal a significant information asymmetry between conventional curricula and the actual green competency requirements in the field. The primary results confirm that the “Adaptive-Green Economic Education” (A-GEE) transformation model, integrated with real-time market-monitoring technology, significantly improves external efficiency. Statistical tests demonstrate a positive correlation between the precision of technological signal capture and the reduction of graduate competency mismatches. These findings indicate that economic education can no longer exist as a static theoretical discipline but must instead function as an adaptive ecosystem responsive to ecological shifts. Conclusion: This study provides theoretical implications for the expansion of Signaling Theory within the context of the circular economy and offers practical recommendations for higher education institutions to reform their curricular structures so they become more agile and data-driven. This transformation is essential for producing competitive human capital in the era of the global green economy transition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Baiq Salkiah, Aniek Hindrayani, Mintasih Indriayu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Green Employee Engagement for Environmental Sustainability and Operational Excellence in the Palm Oil Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Background: Palm oil industry supports growth but faces environmental scrutiny; green employee engagement’s role in sustainability and operational excellence remains underexplored. Objective: To develop a conceptualization of green employee engagement and to examine the contribution of green employee engagement to environmental sustainability and to the operational performance of palm oil mills, through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Methods: PRISMA review of 19 articles (2019–2025), retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Emerald, MDPI, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published only in English or Bahasa Indonesia; articles published in Q1–Q4 or SINTA 1–3 journals focused specifically on Green HRM (or its constructs) and environmental/operational performance. Results: Employees are now at the center of the green agenda, and this has become one of the strategic drivers of organizational transformation. HR drives systemic change through Green HRM, a powerful mediating system, by investing in operational innovation, strong green culture, efficient green training, sustainable talent development, and green recruitment. This directly assists HR managers and policymakers when designing work systems that improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and increase compliance. Conclusion: Green employee engagement is a tool in this regard, more than a management practice; it goes straight to the core of shifting the industry. This synthesis reveals three prominent patterns: (1) GHRM integration facilitates green culture, (2) the role of HR as a strategic enabler in systemic implementation, and (3) green employee engagement as a driver of operational efficiency and competitiveness in the palm oil industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Posma Sinurat, Pawenary, Safuan, Edi Hamdi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Intention–Behavior Gap in Post-Return Entrepreneurship of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Japan: A Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Approach
Background: The increasing migration of Indonesian workers to Japan through two main schemes, namely the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) and the Specified Skilled Worker Program (SSWP), indicates economic potential for Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) after returning to their home country. Objective: This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate how entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control affect entrepreneurial intention, as well as how entrepreneurial intention affects entrepreneurial behavior. Methods: The research employed a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on 307 Indonesian migrant workers who had returned from Japan to Indonesia using purposive sampling. Results: The results show that entrepreneurial attitude is the most important factor determining entrepreneurial intention, followed by perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial subjective norm. The key link between psychological factors and actual entrepreneurial behavior is entrepreneurial intention, implying that returning migrant workers' transition from attitude development to actual behavior occurs gradually. Conclusion: This study contributes theoretically to understanding the psychological dynamics of post-return entrepreneurship and provides a foundation for developing migrant worker reintegration policies through strengthening entrepreneurial capacity, improving access to financing, and supporting business ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rima Rahayu, Yugo Adil Wicaksono, Samuel Indra Christianto Lumban Tobing , Abdul Rohman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
QRIS Optimization for Micro Banking Customers to Increase Low Cost Fund at BSI Cimahi (Case Study of PT Bank Syariah Indonesia Cimahi Branch)
Background: QRIS, Indonesia’s unified national digital payment standard, was introduced to promote financial inclusion and transaction efficiency. However, adoption among micro banking customers remains suboptimal due to limited digital literacy, uneven merchant coverage, and competition from fintech-based e-wallet platforms. Objective: This study aims to develop an optimization strategy to enhance QRIS adoption among micro banking customers of PT Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) Cimahi Branch, with a focus on increasing the Low Cost Fund (LCF) portfolio. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods descriptive-analytical approach. Primary data were collected from 179 micro banking customers through observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires, supplemented by expert judgment from bank management and regulators. Secondary data included internal financing reports and official publications. Strategic analysis was conducted using the IFE, EFE, SWOT, IE Matrix, QSPM, and AHP methods. Results: The findings indicate that the IFE score of 2.60 and the EFE score of 2.38 placed BSI Cimahi Branch in a “Hold and Maintain” strategic position. Among the alternative strategies identified, the WO strategy—focused on improving digital literacy and optimizing QRIS usage through structured training and merchant assistance programs—obtained the highest Total Attractiveness Score (TAS = 6.24) and was confirmed as the priority strategy by AHP, with a global weight of 0.3498. Conclusion: The prioritized WO strategy supports the sustainable growth of LCF transaction volume, average account balances, and the Micro Banking segment at BSI Cimahi Branch by addressing the core barrier of inadequate digital literacy among micro merchants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agung Pramono, Marimin Marimin, Mimin Aminah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Monetary Policy Transmission and Inflation Dynamics in Indonesia: Evidence from BI7DRR, Money Supply, Exchange Rate, and Structural Breaks
Background: Several monetary policy instruments can influence inflation; however, in the case of Indonesia, the transmission of these policies is highly dependent on external shocks, such as wars and oil price fluctuations. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the monetary policy transmission mechanism affecting inflation in Indonesia using the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR), money supply (M2), exchange rate, and structural breaks over the period 2019–2024. Methods: This study employs monthly time-series data from January 2019 to December 2024, along with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, the Augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) unit root test, classical assumption tests, and the Bai–Perron multiple structural break test. Results: The results indicate that BI7DRR, M2, and the exchange rate jointly affect inflation in Indonesia. The ADF test confirms that all variables are stationary at the first difference level, while the Bai–Perron test detects multiple structural breaks around 2020 and 2022, which were largely associated with the emergence of COVID-19 and global monetary tightening, respectively. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from this study essentially reflects a time-structural model of how monetary policy transmission affects inflation dynamics in Indonesia. Maintaining price stability requires adaptive monetary policy, exchange rate stabilization, and fiscal–monetary coordination.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vera Lutfiyah, Marseto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Organizational Values and Culture as Drivers of Sustainable Competitive Advantage in Private Senior High Schools
Background: Private senior high schools in Indonesia face intensifying competition driven by digital transformation, educational globalization, and rising stakeholder expectations. In this context, sustainable competitive advantage can no longer be built solely on physical resources but must be grounded in intangible strategic assets that are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable. Objective: This study analyzes the role of organizational values and culture in building sustainable competitive advantage in private senior high schools. Methods: The research employs a qualitative approach with a multiple-case study design involving two leading private high schools in Jakarta. Data were collected through in-depth interviews (six informants from each school), field observation, and document analysis, and validated using triangulation techniques. Results: The findings reveal that both private high schools develop strong organizational values as the foundation of their strategic management practices, which are subsequently implemented through structured student development programs. Despite differences in cultural orientation—one emphasizing discipline and academic excellence and the other focusing on holistic education and character development—both schools successfully translate their values into distinctive programs that enhance student outcomes and institutional reputation. Furthermore, continuous evaluation mechanisms and experiential learning activities play a significant role in sustaining program effectiveness. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence that organizational culture and value-based strategies function as critical intangible resources that drive sustainable competitive advantage in educational institutions. The findings also offer practical implications for school leaders in designing culturally grounded strategies to enhance school competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Paulus Sunarjo, Ahmad Mulyana, Dudi Permana, Erna Sofriana Imaningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Role of Social Media and Community in Purchasing Decisions Via Customer Equity
Background: The rapid growth of digital communication platforms has significantly reshaped how premium sports brands interact with consumers. In emerging lifestyle sports such as padel, purchasing decisions are no longer influenced solely by product specifications or brand reputation but also by digital engagement and community participation. Objective: This study examines how Social Media Marketing (SMM) and Community Engagement (COM) affect Purchasing Decisions (PD) through the mediating role of Customer Equity dimensions: Value Equity, Brand Equity, and Relationship Equity. Methods: A quantitative survey was conducted among 123 consumers of premium padel equipment across major Indonesian cities. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results indicate that although SMM and community participation significantly enhance all dimensions of customer equity, they do not directly influence purchasing decisions. This finding is attributable to the high-involvement nature of premium padel equipment, which requires extensive cognitive evaluation and physical trials before purchase. Instead, purchasing behavior is driven primarily by Value Equity and Relationship Equity. Relationship Equity emerges as the most influential determinant. Brand Equity, contrary to conventional branding assumptions, does not significantly predict purchasing decisions in this context. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in performance-driven sports markets, consumers prioritize perceived functional value and relational trust over symbolic brand prestige. The study extends Customer Equity Theory to the niche padel equipment market and provides practical implications for brands seeking to convert digital engagement into tangible sales outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gregorios Delbert, Muhammad Khevin Martinier Wisudyanto, Sarah Azalia Putri Harla, Asnan Furinto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Accountability Mechanisms in Faith-Based Organizations: A Case Study of an Islamic Philanthropy Institution in Indonesia
Background: Faith-based NGOs in Indonesia occupy a unique position at the intersection of religious obligation and public governance. While accountability research on NGOs has grown substantially, existing studies predominantly examine secular or general nonprofit contexts, leaving the accountability dynamics of values-based Islamic institutions underexplored. Objective: This study aims to identify the key stakeholders and evaluate the accountability mechanisms within philanthropic institutions. Methods: This study adopts a single case study design focusing on a faith-based organization engaged in Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and document analysis. The analysis was conducted using a thematic approach, complemented by the constant comparative method to identify patterns and variations in accountability practices. Results: The findings indicate that the organization has implemented five key accountability mechanisms: disclosure and reporting, performance evaluation, participation, self-regulation, and social audit. However, the implementation of these mechanisms remains suboptimal. Future research is recommended to undertake a comparative analysis across multiple NGOs to examine the relationship between accountability mechanisms and the level of public trust in philanthropic institutions in Indonesia. Conclusion: The upward-biased accountability structure identified in this study reflects a broader governance challenge in Indonesian faith-based NGOs, where regulatory and donor compliance pressures systematically crowd out participatory and reflective accountability to beneficiaries.
Copyright (c) 2026 Desti Fitriani, Arika Tri Sugiharti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Yeo-Johnson Transformation Usage in Data Preprocessing for Well Production Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks (DNN)
Background: The accurate prediction of infill well production is one of the major bottlenecks for hydrocarbon reservoir development. Traditional reservoir simulation tools are computationally expensive, taking weeks to months per scenario. Objective: This paper presents the development of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model for prediction with hyperparameter optimization using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE) to predict pay porosity (PORPAYX) in infill wells of the Pertamina Hulu Sanga Sanga field. Methods: A DNN model was developed to predict oil well production based on subsurface and production features from a comprehensive dataset of Pertamina Hulu Sanga Sanga reservoir characteristics and production data. Details of our method include: training the model on a robust dataset, hyperparameter tuning using the Tree-structured Parzen Estimator (TPE), and K-fold cross-validation for performance validation. Results: Scaling normalized the data in such a way that every feature had equal influence during model training, enabling better learning and accurate prediction. In contrast, fitting the model using unscaled data resulted in an R² of less than zero (a negative score), meaning that the model could not explain the variability in the data. The mean R² score of the unscaled data model was −0.08496, along with a higher MSE = 0.009057 and RMSE = 0.095148. This was due to the model's failure to process features with varying scales, which prevented proper learning and prediction. Conclusion: Residual plots confirmed that the model trained with scaled data met the assumptions of linearity and normality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alringga Rizky, Anny Yuniarti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Review Quality and Reviewer Credibility on Generation Z's Sneaker Purchase Intention in Indonesia: Consumer Trust as a Mediator
Background: The rapid growth of Indonesia's sneaker market, valued at a projected US$736.85 million by 2029, has elevated Generation Z — comprising 27.94% of Indonesia's population — as a critical consumer segment. As digital natives, Generation Z increasingly relies on YouTube-based product reviews to inform purchase decisions, making review quality and reviewer credibility pivotal drivers of consumer trust and purchase intention. Objective: This study examines the influence of review quality and reviewer credibility on Generation Z's sneaker purchase intention in Indonesia, with consumer trust as a mediator within the SOR framework. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 265 Generation Z respondents who watched sneaker review content on YouTube was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS. Results: Review quality has a positive influence on consumer trust and purchase intention, while reviewer credibility emerges as the most dominant stimulus. Consumer trust has been shown to increase purchase intention and partially mediate the relationship between review quality and reviewer credibility with purchase intention, with a stronger mediation effect observed for reviewer credibility. Conclusion: Sneaker industry players need to strengthen digital trust through safe, accurate, and transparent services to encourage Generation Z's purchase intention in the digital shopping ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Enya Br Maha, Pilari Agemanati Krisnasaputri, Septi Widyasari, Faranita Mustikasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Green Investment and Emission Transparency Practices among IDX Consumer Non-Cyclicals from 2019 – 2024
Background: A company’s value is an important indicator for investors in assessing investment potential. In the consumer non-cyclical sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), firm value has shown a downward trend, as indicated by market value as measured by Price-to-Book Value (PBV). Stakeholder demands extend beyond financial performance to include environmental responsibility, creating urgency for companies to adopt green investment practices and carbon emission transparency. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between carbon emission disclosure and green investment, both of which are believed to increase firm value. This research was conducted due to limited prior studies, inconsistent results in previous research, and a gap between theory and empirical practice. Methods: The research methodology employed was relevant and technical, using a sample of 78 financial statements from companies in the consumer non-cyclical sector that published sustainability reports and reported profitability during the study period from 2019 to 2024. Data validation techniques included classical assumption testing, path analysis, Cronbach’s coefficient (reliability) testing, t-hypothesis testing, and F-hypothesis testing. Results: Green investment has a significant and positive impact on firm value (t = 2.950, Sig. = 0.004). Carbon emission disclosure also has a significant and positive impact on firm value (t = 2.840, Sig. = 0.004). Simultaneously, both variables significantly explain variations in firm value (F = 6.550, Sig. = 0.003), with an explanatory power of R² = 14.7%. Conclusion: Green investment and carbon emission disclosure each increase firm value, both independently and jointly. Companies that invest in environmental sustainability and disclose their carbon footprint demonstrate responsibility to stakeholders, thereby increasing investor confidence and enhancing corporate valuation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Astari Dianty, Kaca Dian Meila, Putri Gantine Lestari, Zihadi Dzikri Muchlisin, Zahra Yulianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Utility: Habitual Dynamics in Mobile Payment Continuance Post-Pandemic – An Extension of Technology Continuance Theory
Background: The rapid adoption of digital payment services in Indonesia surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, reaching 96% population penetration by 2024. However, a critical research gap exists: most studies focus on initial adoption, leaving post-pandemic continuance behavior—particularly the role of habit—underexamined. This study addresses this gap by investigating post-adoption mobile payment continuance through the Technology Continuance Theory (TCT), extended with habit as a moderating variable. Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the factors influencing users’ continuance intention to use digital payment services in Indonesia after the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to incorporate habit as a moderating variable within the TCT framework. Methods: Data were collected from 264 urban respondents who have consistently used digital payment services since the pandemic. A partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was employed to analyze the data and test the proposed model. Results: The study found that user attitude, satisfaction, and perceived ease of use significantly influence continuance intention. Additionally, confirmation of usage experience positively impacts satisfaction and perceived usefulness. Interestingly, perceived usefulness does not directly influence continuance intention. The study revealed that habit plays a dual role: it strengthens the relationship between perceived usefulness and continuance intention while weakening the influence of satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings suggest that habit significantly affects post-adoption behavior, shifting the decision-making process from deliberate to automatic. Practical implications for fintech providers include fostering habit formation through personalization and satisfaction monitoring. This study extends TCT by integrating habit as a crucial moderating factor in continuance intention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Fata Raharja, Charissa Nurkhayla Sutanto, Sarah Qonitah, Willy Gunadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Event-Driven Architecture using NATS JetStream for a Large-Scale Online Exam Answer Collection System
Background: Online examination systems—even at the prototype and institutional levels—face serious performance challenges under synchronized spike conditions. This study, conducted on a prototype (Chilaedu) with 300 synthetic users, demonstrates that conventional synchronous (request-response) architecture has thread-capacity limitations that trigger gateway timeout failures, thereby undermining overall assessment system reliability. Objective: This research designs and evaluates the architectural transition toward an asynchronous Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) approach using the Go runtime and the NATS JetStream message broker on the Chilaedu e-learning platform prototype. Methods: System performance was evaluated using a load-testing scenario based on a custom testing tool developed with Go and Python to simulate synchronized spike conditions at concurrency levels of 10, 25, 50, and 100, with 300 synthetic user entities per scenario, in a single-server isolated prototype environment. Results: The test results show that the asynchronous architecture successfully maintained a throughput of 2,209 requests per second with an HTTP error rate of 0.00%. The system operated efficiently with an average memory consumption of 70 MB and a peak CPU utilization of 18.03%. Latency at the 99th percentile (p99) was recorded at 79.02 ms, which is below the feasibility threshold of 100 ms, thereby preventing user interface freezes (browser freezes). A comparison with the synchronous monolithic approach documented in previous research shows a significant increase in load-handling capacity. Conclusion: The NATS JetStream-based EDA architecture proves effective as a solution for improving the reliability and efficiency of large-scale online exam answer collection infrastructure.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dery Ciputra Ma’soem, Novi Rukhviyanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Visual Semiotics of a Transforming Creative Market: Decorative Diversity and Visual Branding in Pasar Santa, Jakarta
Background: Traditional markets face mounting pressure from modern retail expansion; however, limited studies have examined how localized decorative elements and visual branding strategies contribute to their resilience and identity formation in urban contexts. This gap is particularly relevant in the Indonesian context, where traditional markets are evolving into creative and community-oriented spaces. Objective: This study aims to explore the relationship between decorative diversity and visual branding in Pasar Santa, Jakarta, and to analyze how localized aesthetic expressions influence consumer perceptions and strengthen market distinctiveness. Methods: The research employs a qualitative case study design with a visual-semiotic analysis approach, grounded in Barthes’s denotation–connotation framework. Data were collected through systematic non-participant observation across six visits (March–April 2025) conducted on both weekdays and weekends, yielding more than 200 photographs documenting signage, stall facades, murals, typography, color schemes, and spatial layouts. Results: The findings reveal two dominant stall typologies: traditional stalls characterized by functional-utilitarian aesthetics and creative stalls featuring curated branding strategies. Creative stalls tend to cluster spatially, forming visually cohesive micro-environments. Cultural motifs—including batik patterns, wayang imagery, and regional typography—coexist with global design trends, producing a hybrid visual landscape. Visual elements also undergo temporal changes through seasonal decorations and thematic events. Conclusion: Effective visual branding strategies that incorporate cultural authenticity and community collaboration can strengthen the competitiveness of traditional markets. These strategies not only support economic sustainability but also contribute to urban placemaking by preserving local identity while adapting to contemporary commercial dynamics.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Intan Kurnia, Dwiana Azahra Putri, Mevanita Syah, Raffi Ahmad Ramadhan, Rifka Andrian Prasetya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Supervised Learning and Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Security Log Analysis for Post-Incident Digital Forensic Investigation
Background: Attempts to perform post-incident digital forensic investigation on large-scale security logs generated by enterprise firewalls and servers introduce a range of challenges. As data grows larger and more complex, it is no longer feasible to conduct manual analysis. Methodologically, there has been only limited empirical work directly comparing supervised and unsupervised paradigms for use in a post-incident forensic framework on operational-scale, real-world logs. Objective: This paper compares the classification performance of supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods for forensic analysis of security logs, as well as the prioritization of various security anomalies using both approaches. Methods: Analysis of a dataset containing more than 359,000 firewall and server logs obtained over a 30-day period. Labeled events were used to implement a supervised model, Logistic Regression; Isolation Forest is an unsupervised anomaly detection method, which performs best among the models trained on normal baseline logs. Evaluation metrics included accuracy, precision, recall, ROC-AUC, and ranking-based anomaly assessment. Results: Logistic Regression — accuracy (0.99), ROC-AUC (0.9998), precision/recall for suspicious events (1.00, 0.99) — demonstrated near-perfect discriminability of labeled behavioral features within a 24-hour period. Isolation Forest: 86% overall accuracy, 93% precision, 59% recall; excellent forensic triage property: confirmed suspicious events among the top 200 anomaly-ranked entries: 197 of 200 (92.5%). Sensitivity analysis of the contamination parameter showed that ranking precision at the top 200 remained stable within the 0.05 to 0.30 range (Fig. 7A, 7B), demonstrating the robustness of rank-based prioritization despite variability in global recall across contamination values. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate high predictive performance for supervised classification and efficient forensic triage through low false-positive rates in unsupervised anomaly detection of both time-series logs and free-text security event logs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iwan Indramana, Asto Purwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of ESG Risk Rating on Corporate Profitability: The Role of Firm Size and Leverage as Moderating Variables
Background: Sustainalytics ESG Risk Rating has been identified as a determinant of corporate financial performance. However, its effect on profitability—particularly for developing markets like Indonesia—remains underexplored. This study examines how ESG risk relates to profitability and whether firm size or leverage moderates their relationship. Objective: This study seeks to determine the influence of ESG risk on profitability, with firm size and leverage as moderating variables. Methods: A quantitative study employing Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) was conducted using 76 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2024. The proxy for profitability was Net Profit Margin (NPM), and ESG Risk Ratings were obtained from Sustainalytics. Results: ESG Risk Ratings negatively affect profitability (B = −2.418; p = 0.005), whereby higher sustainability risk impairs net profit margins. This negative effect is moderated by firm size (B = 0.094; p = 0.001), as larger firms are better equipped to manage ESG risks. Conversely, higher leverage strengthens the negative effect of ESG risk on profitability (B = −0.839; p = 0.001), as highly leveraged firms are less capable of addressing sustainability pressures. Conclusion: The results underscore the need for both ESG risk disclosure and governance. Larger firms cope with ESG risk more effectively than highly leveraged firms. Further research is warranted with a longer observation period and additional measures of profitability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syurmita Syurmita, Syahfitri Suryaningsi Welkom, Khansa Chikita Rayesha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Implementation of the People's School Program Policy Using the Van Meter Model and the Van Horn Model in Indonesia
Background: The implementation of public policy is a crucial stage that determines whether or not a policy succeeds in achieving the goals that have been set. Objective: This study analyzes the implementation of the People's School Program initiated by the government and run through the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia as an instrument of social intervention to break the chain of poverty through access to free education. The program is aimed at children from poor and extreme poor families, especially those who refer to the bottom decile group of the government's social database. Methods: This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature studies. The analytical framework used is the Van Meter and Van Horn policy implementation model which emphasizes six main variables, namely policy standards and goals, resources, inter-organizational communication, characteristics of implementing agencies, socio-economic-political environmental conditions, and implementer disposition. Results: The results of the analysis show that the People's School Program has a strong and clear policy direction in terms of objectives, but the success of its implementation is still highly determined by the consistency of cross-ministry coordination, the readiness of human resources, the quality of infrastructure, the validity of the beneficiary database, and the supervision of implementation at the field level. Conclusion: The results of the study conclude that Sekolah Rakyat has the potential to be a transformative social policy model, but its long-term effectiveness depends on strengthening governance implementation, continuous monitoring, and integration between actors.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Giri Ramanda Nazaputra Kiemas, Raniasa Putra, Katriza Imania, Muhammad Nurbudyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Integrated Marketing Communication, STP, and SWOT Strategies in Enhancing Garudafood's Competitiveness
Background: The food and beverage industry in Indonesia is growing; however, competition among companies remains intense due to rapidly evolving consumer preferences. Therefore, supply cannot be continuously increased without adaptive marketing strategies. To become more competitive in the national FMCG market, PT Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya Tbk requires integrated strategic approaches. Objective: This empirical study focuses on the Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning (STP), and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) factors influencing Garudafood’s competitiveness. Methods: This study involves a literature review and company document analysis using a qualitative descriptive approach. The data were analyzed using content analysis, focusing on IMC implementation, STP strategies, SWOT factors, product innovation, distribution strategies, consumer responses, and digital marketing practices. Results: The results reveal that Garudafood’s competitiveness is based on strong brand awareness, extensive market segmentation, value-for-money positioning, wide distribution networks, and accessibility that enable the company to reach consumers in all areas through both digital marketing and integrated promotional activities. However, despite having contingency plans, limited product innovation remains a strategic weakness that needs to be addressed. Conclusion: Integrating IMC, STP, and SWOT strategies contributes to strengthening Garudafood’s market position and competitiveness. In Indonesia’s food and beverage industry, continuous innovation, digital engagement, and proactive strategic management are paramount to maintaining a competitive edge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alan Handiananto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effectiveness of Personalized Marketing on Repurchase Intention in the Consumer Financing Sector: An Empirical Study from FIF
Background: Personalized marketing strongly influences repurchase intention in Indonesia’s motorcycle financing sector, particularly at PT Federal International Finance (FIFGROUP). Objective: This study examines the impact of personalized marketing on repurchase intention, directly and indirectly through perceived relevance, perceived value, and customer satisfaction, while also exploring how customer trust can strengthen or weaken these relationships. Methods: A quantitative explanatory design was employed to evaluate the empirical validity of the hypothesized model using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were collected through an online survey of 213 active customers who had received personalized promotions from FIFGROUP. Direct, indirect, and conditional effects were fully examined in each mediation model, with perceived relevance (PR), perceived value (PV), and customer satisfaction (CS) serving as embedded mediators, while customer trust (CT) functioned as the moderator. Results: The findings revealed that personalized marketing exerted a significant direct effect on repurchase intention (β = 0.712, p < 0.001). Indirect pathways through perceived relevance, perceived value, and customer satisfaction further amplified this relationship. Customer trust moderated these effects asymmetrically by reinforcing the effects of perceived relevance and perceived value on repurchase intention (+), while weakening the relationship between customer satisfaction and repurchase intention (−), thereby demonstrating the nuanced role of trust in personalization strategies. Conclusion: This study provides sector-specific, trust-driven, and data-driven insights from Indonesia’s two-wheeler financing industry, offering guidance for practitioners in refining personalization models and implementing marketing strategies that are relevant, value-generating, and ethically grounded to sustain long-term customer relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Arlien Virginia Jonathan, Billy Yonathan, Theodorus Indra Surya Putra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Land Asset Management Strategy Optimization in SOEs: APJ PT PLN (Persero) Tasikmalaya
Background: PT PLN (Persero) Distribution of West Java and Banten (DJBB) owns idle land assets covering 7,068 m² located on Jalan Ahmad Yani, Tasikmalaya City, which have not been productively utilized since acquisition in 1993. The existence of unoptimized SOE assets burdens state finances and contradicts the Ministry of SOEs’ directive to maximize asset productivity. SWOT analysis provides a systematic framework for identifying strategic factors that can guide effective land asset management decisions. Objective: This study aims to analyze the internal and external environment in order to optimize the utilization of APJ land assets of PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) Distribution of West Java and Banten (DJBB) located in Tasikmalaya City. Methods: This study employs a descriptive case study approach using both primary data (observation and interviews with asset management supervisors) and secondary data (company documents and regulations). Data were analyzed sequentially through IFAS, EFAS, SFAS, and SWOT matrix to identify internal and external strategic factors affecting land asset optimization. Results: The IFAS analysis yielded a total weighted score of 2.55 (strengths: 1.92; weaknesses: 0.63), while the EFAS analysis produced a score of 2.57 (opportunities: 1.97; threats: 0.60). Key internal strengths include clear organizational coordination, strategic land physical condition, and supportive company policy. Weaknesses include limited budget allocation, absence of self-investment, and insufficient human resources in the non-installation asset management section. External opportunities comprise ease of licensing, growing lodging demand, and government support for accommodation development. Threats include economic instability, low NJOP land valuation, limited public transportation access, and competitive market pressure. Conclusion: Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, strategies that can be applied include integrated SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies to support the optimization of land assets effectively and sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Dewi Purnama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of the Relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Firm Value: A Systematic Review of Empirical Evidence in Indonesia
Background: ESG is an essential non-financial factor that can influence firm value; however, the evidence in Indonesia shows mixed results because ESG activity measurements are not standardized, the market remains varied, and disclosure is not evenly distributed, so a generalizable conclusion is not available. Objective: This research seeks to systematically review empirical evidence on the effect of ESG on firm value by emphasizing the analysis in the Indonesian context. Methods: This work utilizes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in line with PRISMA guidelines. In March 2025, exhaustive searches were conducted on Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (limited to Scopus-indexed or peer-reviewed sources only), and tailored Boolean search combinations were used. Out of 487 identified records, 20 empirical studies on Indonesian and internationally benchmarked listed companies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Results: Among the 20 studies reviewed, 6 Indonesian studies found ESG–firm value effects to be positive, 3 negative, and 4 insignificant; heterogeneity is explained by industry sector, the life cycle stage of the firm, and the quality of ESG disclosure. International benchmark studies (n = 10) showed a positive and largely consistent impact, attributable to stronger regulatory frameworks and greater investor ESG awareness in developed and more mature emerging markets, which reduce firm-level risks. Conclusion: The impact of ESG on firm value is context-dependent, and Indonesia needs standardized disclosure, ESG assurance, and investor education to harness its positive impact on firm value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dedi Hartono, Wisnu Mawardi, Sugeng Wahyudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Capital Construction in Informal Strategic Alliances in Micro Enterprises: The Role of MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) Companions as External Facilitators
Background: Micro businesses have been recognised globally for their contribution to wealth and job creation, but they continue to face sustainability challenges due to limited resources, networks, and managerial capacity. An approach to overcome these limitations is to create informal strategic alliances through collaborative efforts. Most studies, however, assume that social capital in business networks evolves naturally, thus overlooking the role of external facilitation in intentionally constructing social capital, especially in the context of developing countries with the proliferation of micro-enterprises. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the social construction process of social capital in informal strategic alliances in microenterprises, with particular attention to the role of MSME companions as external facilitators. Methods: A qualitative approach with a case study design focusing on the Gerai Jajanan Turki (GJT) community in Depok City. A combination of methods was used to collect data, including semi-structured interviews with business actors and customers, a survey, and document analysis. NVivo 15 was used for thematic analysis. Results: This research found that informal alliances and social capital were constructed in GJT through the facilitation of MSME companions. Companions aided in establishing connections between business actors and assisted in communication, role allocation, and dispute resolution, resulting in partnerships replete with trust and stable business alliances. Conclusion: The construction of collaborative networks can be facilitated by external facilitators. This study builds upon the social capital construction framework by proposing that trust and cooperative norms may be purposefully created through facilitative means.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bisma Widyawan, Dhani Salman, Indah Wahyu Maesarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Single Presence Policy for Rural Banks
Background: Indonesian banking regulation has undergone significant structural transformation with the enactment of OJK Regulation No. 12/POJK.03/2020. This regulatory shift raises critical legal questions about its implications for Rural Bank institutions. Objective: This research aims to understand and examine the single presence policy for Rural Banks, which is predicted to be implemented, and to determine the consequences of the single presence policy regulation after the issuance of the Commercial Bank Consolidation POJK. Methods: The research methods applied include qualitative research with normative legal methods, employing statute and conceptual approaches to analyze primary legal materials, including Bank Indonesia Regulations, OJK Regulations, and the P2SK Law (Law No. 4/2023). Results: The single presence policy for Rural Banks is predicted to be implemented with the aim of increasing banking stability, resilience, and competitiveness at the national level, as well as facilitating digital revitalization in the financial industry. Regarding the harmonization of bank control regulations through controlling shareholders, the Commercial Bank Consolidation POJK also regulates changes related to the minimum capital requirements for bank tier thresholds. The current core capital requirements are as regulated in Article 147, paragraph (1) of the Republic of Indonesia Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 12/POJK.03/2021 concerning Commercial Banks, which are grouped into 4 (four) KBMI. Conclusion: The emergence of the single presence policy is unsuitable and irrelevant for banking, especially for BPR, considering that the history of the formation of BPR, which aimed to help people in rural areas, is contrary to the single presence policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bachtiar Marbun https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
User Satisfaction-Driven Requirement Mapping for Learning Management Systems in Higher Education: A PLS-SEM Approach
Background: The widespread adoption of Learning Management Systems (LMSs) in higher education has intensified the need for systematic, user-centered system evaluation. Despite the growing utilization of LMSs, few studies have simultaneously integrated psychological, cognitive, and technical factors into a unified requirement-mapping framework. Objective: This study investigates the determinants of LMS user satisfaction in higher education using six constructs: Expectation of Quality, Software Adequacy, Feature Interactivity, Cognitive Presence, Computer Self-Efficacy, and Time Management. Methods: A quantitative survey was employed to collect data from 132 students and 83 lecturers. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS, with 5,000-subsample bootstrapping. Results: Expectation of Quality (β = 0.312), Feature Interactivity (β = 0.284), Software Adequacy (β = 0.347), and Time Management (β = 0.198) showed significant positive effects on user satisfaction. Cognitive Presence (β = −0.164) and Computer Self-Efficacy (β = −0.128) exhibited significant negative relationships with user satisfaction. A requirement-mapping model was developed using the MoSCoW prioritization approach. Conclusion: LMS user satisfaction is primarily driven by system quality, feature interactivity, and time management. The integrated technical–psychological model offers a practical framework for user-centered LMS design and development prioritization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indra Fata Raharja, Muharman Lubis, Luthfi Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Identification of Leading Plantation Commodities and Financial Feasibility of Farming in Kaur Regency
Background: The plantation sector has a strategic role in driving regional economic growth and improving community welfare, particularly in areas whose economic structure is dominated by agriculture. Kaur Regency is one of the regions where the agricultural and plantation sectors contribute significantly to the Regional Gross Domestic Product (GRDP). However, the development of plantation farming still faces obstacles such as production costs, price fluctuations, and capital limitations. Objective: This study aims to identify leading plantation commodities and analyze their financial feasibility. Methods: The determination of leading commodities was carried out using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share Analysis (SSA) methods based on secondary data (BPS Kaur Regency 2019 and 2024) and primary field survey data. Financial feasibility analysis used indicators including Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit–Cost Ratio (B/C), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). A total of 45 farmers were selected as respondents through purposive sampling: 18 oil palm farmers, 15 coconut farmers, and 12 rubber farmers from three leading commodity sub-districts in Kaur Regency. Results: The analysis results show that oil palm, coconut, and rubber are leading commodities with comparative and competitive advantages in Kaur Regency. Financially, oil palm recorded the highest NPV (IDR 361,514,078; B/C ratio 9.21; IRR 59.9%), followed by coconut (NPV IDR 260,159,827; B/C ratio 5.52; IRR 34.57%), and rubber (NPV IDR 111,185,336; B/C ratio 4.21; IRR 44.73%). All three commodities remain feasible under sensitivity scenarios of a 10% cost increase and a 10% revenue decrease. Conclusion: Thus, the development of these three commodities has the potential to increase farmers' income and strengthen the regional economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jupi Piji Aksen, Widiatmaka, Setyardi Pratikamulya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Determinants of Chatbot Underutilization and Continuance Intention in Indonesian Non-Bank Financial Institutions
Background: Chatbots have become a key digital service channel in Indonesia’s non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), yet adoption does not automatically translate into sustained usage. Understanding what drives or hinders continuance intention is critical for institutions seeking to maximize chatbot effectiveness in the competitive financial services landscape. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors influencing user continuance intention toward chatbot services at non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) in Indonesia. Despite the rapid increase in chatbot adoption, the level of utilization remains relatively low (underutilization). It integrates five key variables—perceived privacy, information quality, system quality, trust, and continuance intention—into a unified analytical framework. Methods: The research employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive and causal design, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data were obtained from 184 respondents who were chatbot users in the multifinance sector. Results: The findings indicate that both information quality and system quality have a substantial impact on trust, which in turn positively affects the intention to continue using the system. Conversely, perceived privacy did not have a significant effect on either trust or continuance intention. Additionally, trust served as a full mediator in the relationship between system quality and the intention to continue using the system. These results suggest that system quality, information quality, and user trust are essential elements for enhancing the continued use of chatbots. Conclusion: This study provides theoretical contributions by extending the information systems success model and offers practical implications for financial institutions seeking to improve chatbot service quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ritsayul Pratiwi, Liem William Saputra Halim, Ebenezer Setiawan, Willy Gunadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Environmental and Green Orientation as Drivers of Firm Performance: A Natural Resource-Based View Review
Background: Sustainable development has moved environmental practices from compliance to strategic economic resources. Based on the Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV), this paper conducts a systematic review of the impact of green and environmental orientation upon competitive strategy and firm performance. Objective: This study aims to (1) identify dominant research themes in the green and environmental orientation literature, (2) examine prevailing theoretical and methodological approaches, and (3) develop an integrative NRBV-based strategic framework explaining how sustainability-oriented resources are converted into competitive strategy and superior firm performance. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of the Scopus database was conducted in January 2025 using terms including "green orientation," "environmental orientation," "competitive strategy," and "firm performance." After screening 104 initially identified articles by title, abstract, and inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed, English-language, Scopus-indexed, published 2018–2025), 60 articles were retained for thematic synthesis. Results: Environmental and green dynamics create value in the economic dimension via innovation, efficiency, and competitive strategy. Purpose: Although competitive strategy and green innovation mediate their effects on firm performance, the literature remains fragmented along theoretical, methodological, and contextual lines. The objective of this review is to (1) clarify mechanisms underlying competitive advantage, (2) develop a NRBV-based framework, and (3) highlight important gaps in research. Conclusion: Green and environmental orientation can enhance firm performance through competitive strategy and innovation, as they can be strategically valuable resources. Future studies that adopt longitudinal and cross-country designs should address existing methodological and contextual gaps.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suroto Suroto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0