Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Combating Transnational Crimes Through the Indonesian Immigration System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/jbt.v7i2.636Keywords:
artificial intelligence, Border Security, Immigration, international law, national resilience, transnational crimeAbstract
Background: The rise of transnational crimes and digital technology challenges state security, while Indonesia’s limited resources and manual immigration systems hinder crime prevention efforts.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia’s immigration system as a strategic instrument for combating transnational crimes from the perspectives of international law and national resilience.
Methods: The methodology employed in this study is a literature review, systematically examining reputable international journals, accredited national journals, and scholarly books discussing Artificial Intelligence, transnational crimes, international law, and immigration policies. The analysis applies a normative juridical and conceptual approach to assess the compatibility of AI applications with international legal instruments, such as the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, as well as Indonesia’s national legal framework.
Results: The novelty of this research lies in integrating Artificial Intelligence, international law on transnational crime, immigration functions, and national resilience into a unified analytical framework. AI is viewed not only as an administrative tool but also as a strategic component of national security through border monitoring, risk analysis, biometric identification, and predictive immigration intelligence. The study finds that AI can improve foreign national supervision, accelerate early detection of transnational crimes, and strengthen international cooperation, although its implementation still requires stronger legal frameworks, human rights protection, and clear accountability mechanisms.
Conclusion: With an appropriate approach, Artificial Intelligence can serve as a strategic instrument to strengthen Indonesia’s national resilience through an adaptive, modern, and security-oriented immigration system.
References
Al Amien, J., & Widayat, W. (2021). The Role Of Immigration Toward The Criminal Acts Of Corruption As Organized Transnational Crime Based On Untoc’s: Peran Imigrasi Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi Sebagai Kejahatan Transnasional Terorganisir Berdasarkan Perspektif Untoc. Journal of Law and Border Protection, 3(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v3i1.212
Andreou, A. (2023). e-Securing the EU borders: AI in European integrated border management. Journal of Politics and Ethics in New Technologies and AI, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.12681/jpentai.34287
Beduschi, A. (2021). International migration management in the age of artificial intelligence. Migration Studies, 9(3), 576–596. https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnaa003
Benjamin, R. (2023). Race after technology. In Social Theory Re-Wired (pp. 405–415). Routledge.
Bor, S., & Koech, N. C. (2023). Balancing human rights and the use of artificial intelligence in border security in Africa. J. Intell. Prop. & Info. Tech. L., 3, 77. https://doi.org/10.52907/jipit.v3i1.260
Buzan, B., Wæver, O., & De Wilde, J. (1998). Security: A new framework for analysis. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Eubanks, V. (2018). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St. Martin’s.
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., & Rossi, F. (2018). AI4People—An ethical framework for a good AI society: Opportunities, risks, principles, and recommendations. Minds and Machines, 28(4), 689–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5
Gibran, A. S., & Khusairy, M. F. (2023). Analyzing The Role Of Transnational Organized Crime In Trafficking In Persons In Indonesia: A Case Study On Middle East Illegal Migration Routes: Analisis Impaksi Kejahatan Transnational Organized Crime Dalam Perdagangan Orang Di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Ru. Journal of Law and Border Protection, 5(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v5i1.419
Guild, E. (2013). Security and Migration in the 21st Century. John Wiley & Sons.
Hamdi, M. A., Briando, B., & Santiago, F. (2024). The role of artificial intelligence in immigration law enforcement: balancing efficiency, transparency, and ethical accountability. Journal of Multidisciplinary Sustainability Asean, 1(6), 376–385. https://doi.org/10.70177/ijmsa.v1i6.1835
Jejelola, F. O. (2024). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Eradication of Transnational Crime. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 8, 867–882. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.8110069
Kabir, M. S., Sumi, E. J., & Alam, M. N. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) and future immigration and border control. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), 5(5), 1–7.
Kalodanis, K., Rizomiliotis, P., Feretzakis, G., Papapavlou, C., & Anagnostopoulos, D. (2025). High-risk AI systems—lie detection application. Future Internet, 17(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17010026
Miller, R., & Baumeister, S. (2013). Managing Migration: Is border control fundamental to anti-trafficking and anti-smuggling interventions? Anti-Trafficking Review, 2, 15–32. https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.20121321
Molnar, P., & Gill, L. (2018). Bots at the gate: A human rights analysis of automated decision-making in Canada’s immigration and refugee system.
Muhammad, A. (2025). The Multimodal Biometric Authentication: Integrating Fingerprints, Face, and Voice Using AI: An AI-Based Approach to Secure Identity Verification Using Fingerprint, Face, and Voice Biometrics.
Nalole, E. J. P., Judhariksawan, J., & Sakharina, I. K. (2023). Upaya Pemerintah Indonesia Dalam Memberantas Kejahatan Narkotika Sebagai Kejahatan Transnasional. J. Ilm. Publika, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.33603/publika.v11i1.8220
Nor, N. M., Majid, M. A., & Ab Wahab, A. (2024). Leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology for Enhanced Border Surveillance at the Malaysia-Thailand Land Border. E-BANGI, 21(4), 54–65. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.05
Rinaldi, A., & Teo, S. A. (2025). The use of artificial intelligence technologies in border and migration control and the subtle erosion of human rights. International & Comparative Law Quarterly, 74(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589325000090
Saragih, Y. N., Nursanto, G. A., & Piranti, N. M. (2025). Optimalisasi Sistem Informasi Keimigrasian Berbasis Artificial Intelligence: Strategi Efisiensi Dan Keamanan Dalam Layanan Publik. JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika), 9(4), 6071–6075. https://doi.org/10.36040/jati.v9i4.13991
Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2021). Why fairness cannot be automated: Bridging the gap between EU non-discrimination law and AI. Computer Law & Security Review, 41, 105567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105567
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Adhitya Graha Pratama, Margaretha Hanita, Basir . S
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA). that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
