Creating Shared Value and Environmental Commitment Shape Employee Sustainable Performance Through Stakeholder Engagement

Authors

  • Rizki Oktavianus Universitas Ciputra
  • Wendra Hartono Universitas Ciputra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59261/bustechno.v7i4.789

Keywords:

Creating Shared Value, Employee Sustainable Performance, Environmental Commitment, PLS-SEM, Stakeholder Engagement

Abstract

Background: Sustainable employee performance has become a crucial factor for pharmaceutical firms confronting competitive dynamics, supply chain fragility, and escalating sustainability demands.

Objective: This research investigates the influence of Creating Shared Value and Environmental Commitment on Employee Sustainable Performance, both directly and through the mediating role of Stakeholder Engagement, at PT Kimia Farma Tbk.

Method: An explanatory quantitative survey approach was applied to 300 eligible employees recruited through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 software to examine the measurement model, structural relationships, and mediating mechanisms.

Results: The results demonstrate that both Creating Shared Value and Environmental Commitment exert positive and statistically significant direct effects on Employee Sustainable Performance and Stakeholder Engagement. Stakeholder Engagement likewise has a positive and significant effect on Employee Sustainable Performance and significantly mediates both sustainability strategy relationships. These results indicate that sustainability initiatives become more meaningful to employees when stakeholders participate through communication, collaboration, and support. Rather than functioning solely as corporate policies, shared value and environmental commitments are translated into sustained employee behavior through engagement.

Conclusion: The study contributes by positioning Stakeholder Engagement as an organizational mechanism connecting corporate sustainability strategy with employee-level outcomes in an Indonesian pharmaceutical company. Practically, PT Kimia Farma Tbk should strengthen two-way communication, stakeholder participation, and the integration of environmental responsibilities into daily work processes to support consistent, responsible, and sustainable employee performance.

References

Akbar, A., Sihabudin, M. Y., Firdaus, R. E., & Pahreji, R. (2023). Perkembangan Demokrasi di Indonesia. Advances In Social Humanities Research, 1(5), 627–635.https://doi/orang/10.46799/adv.v1i5.77

Alshukri, T., Seun Ojekemi, O., Öz, T., & Alzubi, A. (2024). The interplay of corporate social responsibility, innovation capability, organizational learning, and sustainable value creation: Does stakeholder engagement matter? Sustainability, 16(13), 5511. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135511

Anshori, M. F., & Kholmi, M. (2024). Implementasi Creating Shared Value (CSV) untuk membangun bisnis berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Jurnal Bintang Manajemen, 2(2), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.55606/jubima.v2i2.3064

Arief, A. M. (2024). Ketergantungan impor, 90% bahan baku obat masih dari luar negeri. Katadata. https://katadata.co.id/berita/industri/66795fbe41d7a/ketergantungan-impor-90-bahan-baku-obat-masih-dari-luar-negeri

Belkhir, L., & Elmeligi, A. (2019). Carbon footprint of the global pharmaceutical industry and relative impact of its major players. Journal of Cleaner Production, 214, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.204

Cuevas‐Lizama, J., & Royo‐Vela, M. (2026). Antecedents and Moderators for Creating Shared Value in Startups. Business Strategy and the Environment, 35(2), 2864–2889.https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70318

Freudenreich, B., Lüdeke-Freund, F., & Schaltegger, S. (2020). A stakeholder theory perspective on business models: Value creation for sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 166(1), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04112-z

Góes, H. A. de A., Fatima, G., Santos Jhunior, R. de O., & Boaventura, J. M. G. (2023). Managing for stakeholders towards corporate environmental sustainability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(4), 1561–1572. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2448

Guennoun, R., Guennoun, A., & Benkaddour, A. (2026). A Bibliometric Analysis of the Creating Shared Value Literature (2011–2025): From Foundational Debate Toward Applied Specialization and Theoretical Consolidation Challenges. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, e70968.https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.70968

Hagenaars, R. H., Heijungs, R., de Koning, A., Tukker, A., & Wang, R. (2025). The greenhouse gas emissions of pharmaceutical consumption and production: an input–output analysis over time and across global supply chains. The Lancet Planetary Health, 9(3), e196–e206.https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00028-2

Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. https://us2.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/a-primer-on-partial-least-squares-structural-equation-modeling-pls-sem/book270548

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). SAGE Publications. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/a-primer-on-partial-least-squares-structural-equation-modeling-pls-sem/book270548.https://doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v6i2.134

Ispiryan, A., Pakeltiene, R., Ispiryan, O., & Giedraitis, A. (2024). Fostering organizational sustainability through employee collaboration: An integrative approach to environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Encyclopedia, 4(4), 1806–1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4040119

Jang, Y. J. (2022). The role of stakeholder engagement in environmental sustainability: A moderation analysis of chain affiliation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46(5), 1006–1026. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020936348

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2024). Bahan baku obat-obatan di Indonesia masih tergantung dari impor. Antara News. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4476853/bahan-baku-obat-obatan-di-indonesia-masih-tergantung-dari-impor

Kementerian Perindustrian RI. (2024). Industri farmasi masih tergantung impor bahan baku, pemerintah akan lakukan ini. Kontan. https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/industri-farmasi-masih-tergantung-impor-bahan-baku-pemerintah-akan-lakukan-ini

Kimia Farma. (2023). Program Bina Industri Desa – Petani Tempuyung. PT Kimia Farma Tbk. https://www.kimiafarma.co.id/id/read/program-bina-industri-desa-petani-tempuyung

Kujala, J., Sachs, S., Leinonen, H., Heikkinen, A., & Laude, D. (2022). Stakeholder engagement: Past, present, and future. Business & Society, 61(5), 1136–1196. https://doi.org/10.1177/00076503211066595

Marschner, S., Orsi, L., Olper, A., & Stranieri, S. (2026). Sustainability Strategies in the Cocoa‐Chocolate Value Chain: An Analysis Using Stakeholder Theory, Global Value Chain Theory, and Resource Dependence Theory. Agribusiness, 42(2), 694–716.https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.22044

Matarazzo, M., Oduro, S., & Gennaro, A. (2025). Stakeholder engagement for sustainable value co-creation: Evidence from made in Italy SMEs. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 34(2), 347–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12654

Menghwar, P. S., & Daood, A. (2021). Creating shared value: A systematic review, synthesis and integrative perspective. International Journal of Management Reviews, 23(4), 466–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12252

Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77. https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value

Pucci, T., Casprini, E., Galati, A., & Zanni, L. (2020). The virtuous cycle of stakeholder engagement in developing a sustainability culture: Salcheto winery. Journal of Business Research, 119, 364–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.009

Purba, A. S., Sukoharsono, E. G., & Hariadi, B. (2020). The meaningful practice creating shared value as a contribute to sustainable development goals: Case study at PT Pupuk Kaltim. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 9(7), 222–232. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i7.934

Rehman, S. U., Bresciani, S., Yahiaoui, D., & Giacosa, E. (2022). Environmental sustainability orientation and corporate social responsibility influence on environmental performance of small and medium enterprises: The mediating effect of green capability. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 29(6), 1954–1967. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2293

Rhamadanty, S. (2023). Bahan baku obat Kimia Farma (KAEF) 90% masih impor. Kontan.Co.Id. https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/bahan-baku-obat-kimia-farma-kaef-90-masih-impor

Royo-Vela, M., & Cuevas Lizama, J. (2022). Creating shared value: Exploration in an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Sustainability, 14(14), 8505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148505

Saleem, F., Zhang-Zhang, Y., Malik, M. I., & Allui, A. (2020). Revisiting stakeholder theory and environmentalism: Evidence from an emerging economy. Sustainability, 12(20), 8751. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208751

Salvioni, D. M., & Almici, A. (2020). Transitioning toward a circular economy: The impact of stakeholder engagement on sustainability culture. Sustainability, 12(20), 8641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208641

Statista. (2024). Pharmacies - Indonesia. Statista. https://www.statista.com/outlook/hmo/pharmacies/indonesia

Sun, R., Lee, Y., & Dong, E. (2025). Sustainability and internal communication: Leveraging employee green behaviors. Public Relations Review, 51(2), 102565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2025.102565

Usman, S., Sulastri, & Yuliani. (2024). The implementation of creating shared value in Indonesian companies. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 53(1), 375–380. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v53i1.10127

Zhang, J., Shao, X., & Sun, T. (2025). How does environmental sustainability commitment affect corporate environmental performance: A chain mediation model. Sustainability, 17(8), 3461. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083461

Downloads

Published

2026-10-05