Sistem Penyimpanan Energi Regeneratif untuk Catu Daya Darurat MRT Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59261/bustechno.v7i4.791Keywords:
Catu Daya Darurat, Mass Rapid Transit, Motor Induksi, Pengereman Regeneratif, Penyimpanan EnergiAbstract
Latar belakang: Operasi traksi MRT Jakarta bergantung pada pasokan listrik utilitas, sedangkan blackout Agustus 2019 menunjukkan konsekuensi operasional dan keselamatan akibat penghentian layanan. Energi pengereman regeneratif berpotensi dipulihkan, tetapi penggunaannya sebagai catu daya darurat terdistribusi belum dinilai dengan mengintegrasikan beban penumpang, kebutuhan evakuasi, lokasi penyimpanan, dan investasi awal.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini mengestimasi energi pengereman regeneratif kereta MRTJ seri 1000 dan mengevaluasi Traction Energy Storage System (TESS) berbasis Lithium Titanate Oxide sebagai catu daya darurat traksi.
Metode: Model kuantitatif deskriptif-analitik menghitung perubahan energi kinetik pada 12 segmen antarstasiun untuk dua arah perjalanan, menerapkan efisiensi konversi motor 93% dan rugi-rugi resistif OCS, serta membandingkan kondisi beban AW0, AW1, dan AW2. Energi neto diagregasikan untuk 284 perjalanan harian dan dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan evakuasi tujuh trainset saat off-peak dan empat belas trainset saat jam puncak.
Hasil: Model menghasilkan 50,834 kWh pada Up-Line dan 45,120 kWh pada Down-Line per perjalanan. Energi harian mencapai 13.637,68 kWh pada kondisi referensi. Empat unit TESS berkapasitas masing-masing 194 kWh menyediakan total 776 kWh, melampaui kebutuhan evakuasi 141,06 kWh saat off-peak dan 282,13 kWh saat jam puncak. Payback period awal sebesar 3,19 tahun bergantung pada asumsi blackout dan penghematan energi.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian menghasilkan kerangka awal terpadu yang menghubungkan beban operasi, kebutuhan evakuasi terdistribusi, dan pemilihan teknologi. TESS LTO menjanjikan secara teknis, tetapi implementasinya memerlukan pengukuran lapangan, simulasi state of charge dinamis, kajian proteksi, dan analisis sensitivitas biaya siklus hidup.
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