Optimizing Lapen Pavement Selection Using Value Engineering and Multi-Criteria Decision Methods

Okti Indayani; I Dewa Made Alit Karyawan; Ngudiyono Ngudiyono

doi:10.59261/bustechno.v7i4.803

Authors

Okti Indayani Universitas Mataram
I Dewa Made Alit Karyawan Universitas Mataram
Ngudiyono Universitas Mataram

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59261/bustechno.v7i4.803

Keywords:

Alternative Development, Entropy Weighting Method, Lapen Makadam, TOPSIS, Value Engineering

Abstract

Background: The Provision of Infrastructure, Facilities, and Utilities (PPSU) Program is one of the regional government’s programs aimed at improving the quality of basic settlement infrastructure, particularly through the construction of environmental roads using Penetration Macadam (Lapen) pavement.

Objective: This study aims to apply Value Engineering (VE) as an efficiency and optimization strategy for Lapen work by integrating the Entropy method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

Methods: The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach involving 55 respondents consisting of Commitment-Making Officials (PPK), Technical Activity Implementation Officers (PPTK), planning consultants, supervisory consultants, field supervisors, implementing contractors, and road experts. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire comprising 13 indicators representing the functional and cost aspects of the four alternatives. The questionnaire results were tested for validity and reliability.

Results: The results showed that Alternative 4 (A4) obtained the highest assessment index, at 86.32%. Entropy weighting resulted in a weight of 0.441 for the function variable and 0.120 for the cost variable, indicating that the functional aspect was the primary consideration in selecting the alternatives. The TOPSIS analysis ranked Alternative 4 (A4) as the best alternative, with a preference value of 0.5677, followed by Alternative 2 (A2) (0.5407), Alternative 3 (A3) (0.2142), and Alternative 1 (A1) (0.0000). The Value Engineering analysis showed that Alternative 4 (A4) had the highest function-to-cost ratio, thus providing the best value.

Conclusion: Alternative development is recommended by integrating the advantages of Alternative 2 (A2), particularly its cost efficiency, ease of implementation, and use of local materials, into Alternative 4 (A4).

References

Arvianto, J. (2024). Evaluasi kinerja limbah patching aspal sebagai material Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) untuk campuran lapisan AC-BC jalan. Pradita University.

Ayunaning, K., & Juliati, K. (2022). Use of Shells Waste Filler in Pavement Layer Using Lapen (Macadam Penetration Layer): Penggunaan Filler Limbah Kulit Kerang Pada Lapisan Perkerasan Dengan Menggunakan Lapen (Lapis Penetrasi Makadam). Procedia Of Engineering And Life Science, 2(2).

Bangun, D. C. K., & Purwantoro, A. (2024). Optimalisasi Proyek Rehabilitasi dengan Metode Value Engineering: Studi Kasus Perencanaan TK. Bakuwu Kota Palangka Raya: Optimizing Rehabilitation Projects Using Value Engineering Methods: Case Study of Bakuwu Kindergarten Planning in Palangka Raya City. Jurnal Saintis, 24(02), 73–82.

Chen, W. T., Merrett, H. C., Chen, H. L., Rantelembang, M. B., & Foeh, M. E. Y. D. (2025). Value engineering in construction: a systematic review of applications and research trends. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 32(13), 477–500. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-07-2025-1086

Dewanti, R. P., Revantoro, N. B., & Sulton, M. (2024). Analisis Value Engineering Pada Pekerjaan Struktur Atas Proyek Konstruksi Dan Penerapan Dengan Konsep Bim ( Studi Kasus : Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Pelayanan Kanker Wanita Dan Anak Rs Kanker Dharmais ). 4(5). https://doi.org/10.17977/um068.v4.i5.2024.3

Gunduz, M., Aly, A. A., & El Mekkawy, T. (2022). Value engineering factors with an impact on design management performance of construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 38(3), 4022012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0001026

Hidiyati, E. F., Cahyono, A. D., Induwati, M., Emilia, O. F., Mustafa, D. T., Pambudi, W. R., Aprinia, A. D., & Fasyaro, R. F. (2023). Identifikasi karakteristik agregat terhadap nilai stabilitas lapis perkerasan aspal beton AC-BC (Laston). Teras Jurnal: Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 13(1), 193–206. https://doi.org/10.29103/tj.v13i1.853

Juliati, K. (2023). Use of Shells Waste Filler in Pavement Layer Using Lapen (Macadam Penetration Layer). Procedia of Engineering and Life Science, 2(2).

Mohammed, S. K., Hadani, R., Chockalingam, A., & Calderbank, R. (2022). OTFS—A mathematical foundation for communication and radar sensing in the delay-Doppler domain. IEEE BITS the Information Theory Magazine, 2(2), 36–55. https://doi.org/https:DOI: 10.1109/MBITS.2022.3216536

Mulyana, S., Farida, I., & Ripaldi, R. (2026). Analisis Karakteristik Campuran Aspal AC–WC Menggunakan Filler Silika untuk Meningkatkan Stabilitas dan Kelelehan. Jurnal Konstruksi, 24(1), 901–912. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33364/konstruksi/v.24-1.2966

Nejatyan, E., Sarvari, H., Hosseini, S. A., & Javanshir, H. (2024). Deploying value engineering strategies for ameliorating construction project management performance: a Delphi-SWARA study approach. Buildings, 14(8), 2291. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082291

Rumpesak, N. H., Mandagi, R. J. M., & Jansen, F. (2017). Pemodelan berdasarkan penerapan Value Engineering untuk efisiensi biaya pada proyek jalan di Kota Manado. Jurnal Ilmiah Media Engineering, 7(3), 811–817. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v2/index.php/jime/article/view/26424

Rusdi, F., Putra, R. P., Supardi, S., & Massara, A. (2025). Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Karang sebagai Subtitusi Agregat Halus Terhadap Nilai Karakteristik dan Kuat Tarik Tidak Langsung pada Campuran Aspal AC-BC. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Sipil, 7(1), 145–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33096/qpxst874

Sakti, R. J. N. (2025). Evaluasi Efisiensi Biaya Dan Waktu Pada Proyek Pembangunan Jembatan Menggunakan Value Engineering. Waktu: Jurnal Teknik UNIPA, 23(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36456/ba854968

Saputra, A., Wibowo, K., & Rochim, A. (2024). Analisis Value Engineering Menggunakan Metode Matrix Cost Model dan Breakdown Cost Model dengan Hasil Akhir Distribusi Pareto pada Studi Kasus Pembangunan Meshall NCC Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara Barat. 16(3), 34–43.

Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x

Silaban, M. E., & Aulia, S. P. (2025). Inovasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Scrap Aspal Sebagai Material Metode Cement Treated Recycling Base (Ctrb) Pada Lapisan Base Perkerasan Jalan. Technologic, 16(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52453/technologic.v16i2.485

Tahapary, Y., & Marantika, G. F. (2026). Penerapan Cost Significant Model untuk Estimasi Biaya Proyek Rehabilitasi Ruang Kelas Belajar Pada Sekolah Negeri di Provinsi Maluku. JURNAL SIMETRIK, 16(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31959/js.v16i1.3586

Uguy, I. R. W. V. (2026). 3.6. Aspal: Jenis, Sifat, dan Pengujian. Material Dan Konstruksi Perkerasan Jalan: Teori Dan Aplikasi, 63.

Wahyudi, A. E., Pramesti, F. P., & Setyawan, A. (2024). Evaluasi perancangan struktur perkerasan kaku (Rigid Pavement) ruas Jalan Suwaloh-Margomulyo Kecamatan Balen Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies: Conference Series, 2(2), 172–183. https://proceeding.uns.ac.id/imscs/article/view/708